Crop Science EG 101: Root Structure and Function

Introduction

• Focus on understanding root structure and types
• Review of root functions and importance in plant anatomy

Function of Roots

• Absorption of nutrients and water from the soil
• Structural support for the plant
• Transport of nutrients and water
• Food storage (e.g., carrots, beets)
• Vegetative propagation

Types of Root Systems

• Tap Root System

  • Primary root is the main root (e.g., carrots, soybeans)
  • Grows deep into the soil
  • Example plants: alpha-alpha

• Fibrous Root System

  • Numerous small roots near the soil surface
  • Typically shallower than tap roots
  • Example plants: corn, wheat

Root Anatomy

• Primary and Secondary Roots

  • Primary Root: Main root, can develop into a tap root system
  • Secondary Roots (Lateral Roots): Branch out from primary root

• Adventitious Roots

  • Develop from stem nodes
  • Example: Prop roots in corn and sorghum

Root Structure Details

• Root Cap: Protects root tip
• Meristematic Region: Supports growth
• Region of Elongation: Cell growth and elongation
• Region of Maturation: Development of root hairs for absorption

Factors Affecting Root Growth

• Fertilizer

  • Nitrogen and phosphate management
  • Fertilizer placement and effect on root health

• Irrigation

  • Impact of irrigation frequency on root growth
  • Example: Tomato root growth strategy

• Soil Aeration and Texture

  • Importance of oxygen for root respiration
  • Different soil types and their effect on root growth

Water Availability

• Types of water in soil: tightly bound, free, and available water
• Water holding capacity and soil texture impact

Cultural Practices

• Cultivation

  • Impacts of tilling on root systems
  • Herbicide use and weed management

• Grazing and Crop Management

  • Impact of grazing on root carbohydrate storage

Conclusion

• Understanding root systems is crucial for effective crop management
• Different roots serve various functions, influencing plant health and yield

Additional Notes

• Watch the related video lecture for more insights
• Questions can be directed to the instructor via email