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BICS and CALP in Language Learning

Apr 2, 2025

Lecture Notes: Understanding BICS and CALP in Language Acquisition

Key Concepts

  • BICS: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills

    • Also known as the playground or social language.
    • Includes simple conversational skills (e.g., "Hi, how are you?" "I'm fine, how are you?").
    • Acquired relatively quickly, often within 1-2 years.
    • Some students may acquire BICS faster, especially those with prior exposure to English.
  • CALP: Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

    • Refers to academic language skills necessary for success in academic settings.
    • Takes longer to develop, typically 5-7 years.
    • Essential for understanding and succeeding in content classes.

Importance in Education

  • Discrepancy Between BICS and CALP:

    • Students may appear language proficient through social interaction but may struggle academically.
    • Teachers should be aware that good BICS does not imply good CALP.
  • Teacher's Role:

    • Incorporate activities in lessons that support the development of CALP.
    • Recognize that developing CALP requires time and consistent effort.

Instructional Strategies

  • SIOP Method: Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
    • A lesson plan format designed to support English language learners in developing CALP.
    • Useful in helping students acquire the necessary content language skills.

Time Considerations

  • Recognizing that CALP development spans several years.
    • Teachers should not expect full proficiency at the end of one or two years.

Summary

  • Understanding the distinction between BICS and CALP is crucial for educators working with English language learners.
  • Focus on long-term development and use structured methods like SIOP to support students' academic language acquisition.