Transcript for:
Indian Logic, People Development, and Environment: Key Points

hi Learners good morning welcome to UniFi study yes some visible yes yes good morning good morning all yes good morning good morning everyone heavy rain in Chennai power cut okay my God okay okay let me start today's class with with uh Indian logic as you all requested um for Indian logic today today okay so very crisp I'll be taking you all the six pranas all the six pranas and their types and their classification inside pranas and number three will be your um Learners don't worry okay come let's start learning just start revising learn okay everything will be all right don't worry it till we have uh three more days right not sorry two more days so everything will be all right don't worry it be settled down yes so today we are going to see very crisp about all the six pranas and the classifications and uh vapi ananas types and hiab Bash these these things we are going to see very very crisp one hour it's going to be okay and then we I'll be taking the uh people development and environment I think it will go from one and half hours it will go so try to attempt the class this will be a kind of a last minute quick revision definitely this will be very very very very useful to you um okay I trust that it'll be very very useful to you so let me start are you all there let me shall we start yes yes shall we start shall we start benad sir we have a question with mode and figure here don't worry we will do it one shall we start yes yes yes put yes then only I can only few people are telling yes to start yes yes yes yes yes yes okay we'll start so we have totally six pranas uh with respect to Indian logic okay six pranas yesterday we have been discussing about the Western logic Western fallacies and all Western logic and now we are going to talk about the Indian logic our own ancient Indian logic what do you mean by a logic IC why we need to know the very first class when I was taking logic Ive told you right I want to place my phone here if I place it here uh with a low balanced one right the phone will fall down if I balance it on a heavier object what will happen my phone will can able to uh balance right this is a simple logic uh same way we have a concept called pranas pranas means the way of getting knowledge so as human beings we have getting knowledge right the knowledge is not coming just like that we have getting knowledge we have enriching our knowledge in different ways these are all the different ways of getting knowledge PR perception inference analogy postulation non-perception and verbal testimony yes Learners please um attend the class okay ji this is going to be a revision you can also watch okay so perception inference analogy postulation non-perception verbal testimony what do you mean by perception I'm look at an object I understand something right at the very first time and that we call it as a perception which we I get through my sense organs and that we call it as what perception inference inference means what already my mind I have it in my mind it's been registered when I look at for the second time I infer that already I have seen this object so this object is this one so I inferring right and that we called inference analogy it means what comparison comparison yes on that day I saw a red color apple and now this is a green apple see both are said to be apples this is the red color this is the green color right and see how be beautiful it is like it's like a moon's face right the girl's eyes is like a fish right when we compare something with an object and that we call analogy when I compare one object with another object it is an analogy right we used the people used to give us nickname right that is all analogy because they used to give nickname by use of physic or by complexion or by the way we look they'll be telling us you're looking like this you are looking like this like whenever like comes it becomes analogy upamana and next comes postulation postulation means what assumption assuming something right without having anything we'll assume people right that is called postulation assumption non perception means what in their absence non absence of that object non absence of that object and that we called anabi non perception the class is very noisy the teacher will not be present there the teacher will not be present there that is non absence yes next verbal testimony it means words words we used now you what you're doing you're listening to me I'm giving you some uh words right giving you some content you are trusting my words and you're taking notes so that is verbal testimony shabda when you listen to some uh preachers right spiritual preachers we used to listen in temples and all right that is also shabda in one step before when we go ramayana Mahabharata and Bible Quran are being written right that is also shabda verbal testimony they have written so that is shabda through that we get knowledge I'm talking to you you get through my words you getting knowledge through Ramana Mahabharata Bible Quran we get knowledge that's we call verbal testimony through the words that has been written in that books scripts text that's you called verbal testimony this is about the wide um understanding of six pranas through these six ways we get knowledge perception inference analogy postulation non-perception verbal testimony clear with this points do like the session those who are new to the Channel please do kindly subscribe the channel for getting more videos we are doing last minute quick revision on paper one logical reasoning Indian logic and people development environment now we have started with Indian logic yes clear with this point what are the six pranas perception inference analogy postulation non-perception and verbal testimony okay this is two sense organs this is second time knowledge this is comparison this is assumption this is non absence of object and this is word words yes right next comes the types of perception so I perceive things right I look at some object and I perceive things so when I perceive I can either perceive through the sense organs I can either perceive through my five sense organes right through the five sense organes it's called Lowa aowa means what it is by means of external right it's called allow ker right we will see each of the types just note down and there are stages of perception what is nalp and cical we will see this things in detail now first look at the stages have you seen Activa bike have you seen Activa bike see have you seen Activa bike a person who does not know anything about have not drive the drive the bike but with without knowing the features of that bike if he perceiv something right if he tells about something right then we call it as the nalp stage then we call it as what nalp stage without able to know its features when it is being perceived means what it is nult second stage of perception is called as svic Culp svic Culp means after knowing the indepth knowledge about that object object right when one perceives an object then it is called cical okay so first stage is what when anyone perceives an object without able to know its features without knowing anything about that features he gets something means that is called nalp when perceiving the object with indepth knowledge about that object I perceive that object and call cical right I've told you two senses I can receive things by means of direct perceptions called L and alow alow means that all uh the it works beyond our limit right for a normal person ordinary person they will be sensing things perceiving things by means of the sense organs five sense organs and also some by means of feelings we used to understand okay we used to feel tired we used to feel dull we used to feel um very confused all these things right looking other people will be able to say and those are all called direct perception yes that we called as what direct perception and what all this very very important in this this one indirect perception what is that indirect perception indirect means What It Is by means of uh extraordinary memory right s lection Gana lection yog what do you mean by y I'll go with the easy one that which we know have you seen Saint people Saint people when we look at us they will be telling about our past present and future and that we call yoga right looking at us right they'll be able to tell perceiving right they are perceiving us right they're looking at us by looking at us they will be able to tell about a past present future that is a indirect perception Al and Gana lection Gana means what Gana means what not especially astrology and the is of uh looking at people yes g means what when one sense organ can also perceive the quality not attributable to the to it right Gana am I visible yes am I visible yes Gana lak we can say ice cream yes we can say ice cream have you seen ice creams have you seen ice creams ice cream looking at an ice cream we will say it is chin looking at an ice cream I will say it is Chill how looking at an ice cream I can say chill can chillness be perceived by ice or by touching tell me looking at an ice cream I say it is chill and that kind of laka we call it as what Gana L when when sense organ can also perceive the other quality it's called Gan lection by looking at an ice cream right I'll be telling it is chill but chillness can be felt only when they touch but it can be felt through the eyes and that we called as what Gana lection right S election means what San election means um have you seen people who are doing business right San election they perceive the universality from a particular object S election it means they'll be able to predict uh about their business wherever they go San election yes that is the meaning of s election perception clear Learners yes very good clear so this is all about the uh perception we have stages and we have the uh direct and indirect perception clear Learners yes very good very good yes so moving to the next one anumana this is very very very very important and this we call it a structure of anuma kinds of Ana okay very important come let's start doing are you all clear with this one clear with the perception next I move to anuma what are all the types of anuma see we have anumana means what inference inference means second knowledge okay after after looking at that after the ABS of knowledge already I have seen Apple now again I'm looking at Apple and that second knowledge we call this what anuma what I'm going to do with my second knowledge see here these are all the types of Anum what are all an according to the purpose according to the cause according to application okay I will tell you one by one what is been given there in each things Swan PR anuman means what I'm looking at a thing and I'm inferring something based on my first knowledge yes okay some cases what will happen is swart Anan I would like to convince myself with what I'm looking at I fail in my net exam so many times I convince myself this is the reason I fail I infer myself you have not put enough hard work that is why you have failed with Swan convincing oneself by using the it means what as I have not prepared well I'm not prepared well I failed in the examination right I'm giving you an example that is SM swart anuman which I convince myself second one is par anuman par anuman means what where in order to convince my friend okay my daughter is inferring something okay she was looking and she was having a doubt what is it then I will convince her see this is what you are seeing I will make an inference clearly and tell her this is what you see or this is what whatever it may be right any sense organ but in order to convince other people they do some inference and that is called Paran clear it's called Paran so Swan convincing myself par anuman convincing other people okay convincing what to infer something to get a knowledge about something I'm going to convince myself so I'm going to convince my daughter so convincing myself what will happen okay I'll be telling okay I have to enhance my knowledge I have to learn more okay I'll be doing that isanan I'll convincing my daughter next one purat Shasha what do you mean by Pur INF so purat is an inference from cause to effect cause to effect means you have plan to go out you have plan to go out for a shopping right you going plan to go out for a shopping by 6:00 you have planned but at 5:30 looking at the clouds it was dark clouds there so what you will predict oh if you go out now you'll be you'll be caught in the rain so what you will do you will not go outside will stay at 4 so by inferring the dark clouds on the sky you infer that it will rain at 6:00 so you're talking about what it is talking about the future talking about the future so we can infert the rain from the dark clouds it's called purat sesaat means what sesaat means next day morning if you look at the road the road will look very muddy when you look at the river it will be flowing like something it will be uh the water will be flowing at a high speed right if you look at the Falls the water will be falling at a high speed what you will infer yesterday it would have rained heavily I think so that is why the Falls is very heavy the road is very muddy clear points clear Learners yes that's called sasat Anum next Sam means what that things that happen when General when we correlate something and it's called Sam yes so that talks about the present here purat talks about the future sasat talks about the present Sam talks about about sorry past this talks about the present example we can take the moon right the moon orbits the earth we can see it changing portion in the sky so that is General correlation right and that's we call Sam clear Learners one three are telling yes I don't know what about others 60 Learners are here I'm giving this content for people who have not new for this one and next So based on on the application based on the application we have and an it means what see K means it is a relationship that happens between a middle and the major term and what is that middle major term we have not studied middle major term in uh Indian logic you may say right yes in Indian logic as we see in Western logic here also we have a concept of middle term major term minor term because in all logic statements we have a reason we have a major term we have a minor term all these three things has to be there so in this Anum a vapi vapi means nothing it's a a relationship between the reason and the major term and The Happening why it is been happening and its major term and subject has to be related middle is nothing but what the middle term is nothing but the recent the ma major term is nothing but what the predicate okay the predicate and so it is being has to be related and that is called K all Noble objects are nameable the part is Noble object therefore a part is nameable what is this what is this this is a pen right so when I look at this I'll be telling this is a pen okay when I'm looking at this I will tell tell it is a pen so this pen is a noble object Noble means I can able to see right I can see and say it's a pen so this pen is said to be a nameable one I can give a name to this particular object right so I can give a name to the particular object and this is called K kit means what whenever there is an absence Whenever there is what is not different from other element has no smell the Earth has a smell the Earth is different from different elements so this is happens in their presence right and this absence in their absence if I place a very nice um food dish would have a smell right if that food dish is here I need to have that smell if it is not here then it should not have that smell right and that's called K you can remember this uniform agreement in their presence of that term alone the uniform agreement in the absence alone an it is in the both positive both negative right and that's called an clear Learners an so these are very very important with respect to structure of Anum clear so what how this question can be asked in the exam is um see the middle term is both positively and negatively related to the major term means when the middle term and major term is being related negatively means what it is absence means what it is in a positive way was it is C so these are the ways the questions can come in this particular topic this is what we call the kinds of animal clear Learners okay I think uh yes clear very super good you got the next one answer this question this is a question asked when inference is based not on a cost but on uniformity of coexistence sense this is the keyword get me the answer yes based on all these things that we have learned right I've given you a few questions when inference is based on very good saraj very good very good it is not on CA but on uniformity of coexistence coexistence is the key word very good laa we have not yet studied pakata okay good good very good very good very good very good everyone very good the right answer for this question is Sam is what it is not based on the cost it on uniformity of coexistence which happens regularly right and that we call it as what Sam DTI okay Sam D very good very good next question next question next question in which type of following inference the middle term is both positively and negatively related to the major term as for the classical Indian School of logic quick very good very good very good all giving right answers thank you for following very correctly very good thank you thank you lers yes thank you so much okay very good very good moving to the right answer for this question is yes the right answer for this question is yes what is this when the middle term is both positively and negatively related means it is an K means what it is means what K means what positively or negatively positively or negatively K it is negatively related here it is positively related yes very good very good very good it's very good moving to the next question I'll give you one more question in this topic and then we'll go to the next one yes do this one do this question under which of the following condition an inference may be categorized as K under which of the following very good very good very good very good very good all giving right answers very good yes yes very good now I'll give one question from the right answer for this question is is the right answer for this question is option number one right it is positively related negatively means what both positively and negative means what very good super next question this question is from pranas pranas major types sagarika is never seen reading any mathematics books during the day Ed she scored 98% marks in mathematics therefore she must be studying during the night which is the means of following argument yes get me the answer so that you'll be confident of doing this question very good very good very very good good good very good all not all few are giving wrong answers I don't know why you giving wrong answers okay the right answer for this question is arati I have told you right assuming things Ive told you right assuming I assume that he should have studied during the night that is why she had got 98 marks so what I am doing here I'm doing assumption arati right assumption implication are all the keyword and that is called as aropa clear Learners yes yes moving to the next question moving to the next question in which of the following forms of knowledge there cannot be any prediction of the object in terms of subject predicate relation there cannot be any prediction of the object in terms of subject predicate relation yes quick if it is done means we'll go to the next set of questions very good very good very good very good very good yes very good very good one one all one then clear very good the answer is NP rest next one do this one very good very good all very good the right answer for this question is next question please do like the session learner 60 live Learners are there please do like the session those who are new please do subscribe the channel for more videos for paper one and paper to yes vapi anumana prak and upamana vapi Anum prak and upam I think you know these three things right I also told you this one what is this if I tell then you know the answer then very good very good Lea please please do it carefully do it carefully very good very good pra very good very good the right answer for this question is see vapi means what the relationship between the major and the middle term of inference just now I told you there right in the vapi means what middle and the major term the relation we call as vapi Anum means what anumana means inferring something where they will infer where they used to infer anumana they used to infer from the previous knowledge second knowledge right already they know from there they infer what youan by PR prak means what it means an immediate valid cognition of reality sense object contact and upamana means what it is means likess like it's mean comparison very good I think clear with six pranas be clear with the six pranas and first Prana we have seen perception and we have seen second one anuma anuma and it stepes it's very very important kindly go through all the things what are all the things Swan pranan Swan pranan means what convincing oneself with SW anuman convincing others isan okay and then we have what we have purat S and Sam session and Sam what do you mean by purat purat means what I just inferring the rain from the clouds future I'm predicting from now and that we call it as what purat shaat means what it has been happened yesterday right and today I'm telling you right that is called sasat Sam means it is of General correlation that is Sam and we have means middle and the major term positively related means middle and the major term negatively related an means what it is both positively and negatively related yes clear very good super good yes so in purat from the ca I'm telling about the perceiving the cost I'm looking at the cost I'm talking about the UNP perceived effect in the S I'm talking about the UNP perceived cause from the perceived the effect very good super good good good moving to the next one what is this can you please tell me what is this picture very good super good good good can you tell me about this picture it's very good quick Learners yes what is this picture this picture say is about this is smoke this is smoke and what is this yes what is this and this is FK right but both look similar yes but both look similar but looking at this we think that that lake is being burning we cannot say right no pollution I'm not talking next unit only we are going to do people develop environment okay this we call it as smoke and this we call it as a fog but looking at this I should not say right the liver the lake is burning okay that we cannot say so what I'm going to give you is I'm going to tell you this is about the reason the reason the reason of this one both look similar right this is because of burning this wood the fire is coming this is because of what the fog right so what is I'm going to talk going to talk about the reason I'm going to talk about the reason that is called as in in Indian Lo logic we call it as hu I've told you right major term is called as sadya minor term is called as Paka and the middle term that is the reason is called as hu yes so sadya Paka hu so these are all the five characteristics when I mention for a reason so when I'm talking about a Reon Learners please kindly do listen this are very very important question this may definitely come I'm just giving you directly with an example so that you can attempt it okay right have your mind very clear so that you can definitely understand okay right so there is the hill there is a hill and here it has fire okay and what happens the smoke is been coming okay the smoke is been coming okay here this hill is the what the fire the smoke is the reason the smoke is the reason write it down the smoke is the reason we call this hu the hill is called as what the fire is the major term the reason is what the fire the hill is the minor it is the subject okay the Hill is there fire has got smoke is coming okay the smoke is coming by looking at that smoke only I'll be telling that is being fired yes p means minor p means minor term sadya means major term okay hu means recent yes hu means recent okay see first what are all those things write it down P saak VI a don't get scared by the name I will tell you how to remember what do you mean by P if the smoke is there right in that hill we have smoke right in that hill we have Smoke by looking at the smoke from where that smoke comes where that smoke comes the smoke comes from that hill right from that Hill I'm getting that smoke so that relationship between the Hill and the smoke we call it as pakat the smoke must be present in the minor term Hill because of heal only the fire has been caught because of fire only the smoke is coming yes so the because of the relationship between the hill and the fire and that is called Pak dhata first point second point the smoke must be present in all the positive instances where the fire exist see in the before image here we have fire that's why the smoke is coming similarly in kitchen when we cook right uh in older days I'm telling in older days how we used to cook we used to cook with wood right because of that fire only that smoke will come so wherever that fire exist the smoke definitely should be there and that's called sapak satwa saak satwa next one if smoke must be abs in all negative instances in which a major term is absent see we looking at this image I should not say the smoke is present why because that is not at all smoke that is fog because there is no fire so wherever there is no fire the smoke should not be there the smoke should be absent so wherever there is no fire no smoke this we call viak next comes AB looking at the this image right looking at this image that fire image right I should not tell about that the fire is very cold I must not prove the coldness of the fire by looking at the smoke because fire is not related to the cold it is hot actually so whenever we do some incompatible Reon whenever we give some incompatable Reon means that is Abid right all we do in our day-to-day life right without the subject we used to talk that is Pak so everywhere there need to be a subject when I tell some reason right so whenever I tell some reason there should be a that instent should happen similarly the smoke should not be present in the major term similarly giving incompatible reason incompatable reason that we call Abit here I'm giving example it must not prove prove the coldness of the fire can smoke tell you about the coldness of the fire no the smoke tells about how hot it is so that is Abid and the third one is a so a means what it shows the absence of counteracting reasons okay which lead to a contradictory conclusion see the example I'm just using this pen okay uh I'll take this book okay I I'm doing some creating some noise some sound is being created as the sound is being created I cannot say this sound should be heard for a long time eternally as it is been caused it is not necessary to be heard for a long time as it is being cost created and that we call it as a right the counter and the absence of counteracting reasons lead to a contradictory conclusion as it's been created it should not be it should be be there for a long time not the case that's called a simple right so Pak dhata means what there is a hill so the smoke comes that's pakata Paka means what minor right so there is a relationship between the the reason and the minor term all these things going to talk about this reason only smoke must be present in the positive instances it means wherever the smoke the fire should be there okay smoke must be present in the wherever the fire exist that is saak sat okay wherever the smoke is absent means fire should not be there okay the smoke must be absent in all the negative Ines in which the major term is absent clear V and ab means what it is not compatible giving incompatible reasons giving incompatible reasons it's called Aid and counteracting reasons since led to a contract conclusion as the sound is being created I should not say it exists forever clear clear Learners yes shall I go to the next one yes understood all the five yes very good very good next so these are all about the reents uh characteristics of hitu from that I want to give you some basic things which you can have kind of a a break for your brain right what is is this ma'am this is very easy we had six pranas right we had six pranas and the six pranas will be accepted by which philosophy as per India we take we have so many philosophies so many religions so many communities we have so as per Indian Indian philosophy okay Indian philosophy Indian uh uh system right these six pranas is not accepted by all the philosophies that was been there existed in India we have this six main um philosophical schools okay and these schools we call it as Orthodox school we have a Orthodox school and we have heterodox schools what do you mean by Orthodox School Orthodox schools means they believe on God right they believe on the uh what is that um ideal worship and all heterodox schols means they are called as nastics right their belief system is said to be different right and that is atox schools of philosophy so in Orthodox schools we have six philosophical schools six philosophical schools and Ino we have three 3+ one will there this is a yes we will see each one not very detailed these six schools of philosophies with respect to the six pranas I'm going to tell I'm going to tell you the six pranas with respect to this schools of philosophy what what all the philosophy accepted what pranas what all the philosophies and what pranas they accepted that is what I'm going to teach you now okay yes moving to the first one so take uh Nia philosophy that used to have start with Nia philosophy okay Nia philosophy where this excepts you can remember in this way uh P inference comparison arati anumana and shabda okay this is prak inference comparison arati Anum and shabda these six philosophies sorry the six pranas is being accepted by which schools that we are going to study Nia School of philosophy means what Nia School of philosophy means they accepted everything in terms of reasoning in terms of reasoning okay everything they need a valid reason to accept things right and it is been founded by gut and been started in the year sixth century started in the year 6th Century right next Naya philosophy and the next one is vishika vishika means what they trusted on physical sciences physical sciences and this has been founded by konei in the century 4th Century sorry the sixth Century in sixth century right Naya V Next comes Yoga Yoga philosophy is being started from penti padali Muni right we we used to see the padali products and all padali and they focused on what they focused on Direct experience by means of meditation by means of mindfulness right by means of physical activity by means of direct experience they gain knowledge that is uh yoga philosophy and this is being started in the year 2 century and Sam philosophy and they what they manifested the thoughts they have a belief on manifesting the thought right I'm telling you we have to manifest good thoughts right that will takes us to Next Level manifestation and this has been founded by capila in 6th century and then mimansa and this they talked about the freedom through action right Freedom through action through action and this is being proposed by Germany okay in fourth Century next vanta vanta means what this is about self enquir this philosophical Tob talks about self enquiry and this is proposed by vas m in fourth Century okay so this is all about the Orthodox School their meaning and who founded and with with Century it was been found okay next comes heterodox schools heterodox schools we have Buddhism jism Chara a Buddhism is being founded by sidhar I think this I have given you very clearly and this is way MAV and charva basp yes brihaspati so these are the schools of philosophies um with respect to Indian context yes clear and aab is founded by koshal Kos okay right clear learners clear yes very good very good now we look at the uh the philosophical what are the pranas which they accept Nia philosophy accepts one for Nia philosophy accepts only four philosophies okay four philosophies what are the four philosophies IP C very good ipsc it means what inference prak shabda and comparison these four pranas being accepted by Nia philosophy okay first one next one here charvaka accepts only one for yes am I visible yes so Sam and yoga Samia and yoga philosophy okay they accepted the three pranas that is IPS inference perception and the shabda so Sam and yoga accepted three pranas right and vedanta and mimansa they accepted the six pramanas they accepted six pramanas okay Buddhism accepted only two pranas and that is nothing but I uh inference and the perception jism accepted three pranas that is IPS here samya yoga and also joins Janis okay they accepted IPS and charvaka accepts only one from and that is perception clear yes I repeat again Nia philosophy accepts for pranas ipsc Chism Samia yoga accepts IPS inference perception shabda and vant and mimansa they accepted six pranas and Buddhism accepted IP and jism accepted IPS charaka accepts F perception clear Learners yes yes clear okay now I move to the next slide right so here I've given it very clearly Nia philosophy ipsc buddhika IP J yoga IPS charvaka one perception mimansa vant they accepts all the six okay Pur mimansa and utans right next next I move to hitv bash this is only one slide that you want to study with respect to Indian logic only one slide with respect to Indian logic nothing more than that I'm going to teach about Indian logic yes what is this fallacy about this is about fallacy yesterday we saw formal FY informal fallacy right similarly in Indian logic these are the five different fallacies that occur that means error when I State something when I do something when I relate something right then there was an error and it was being termed in the Indian logic terms okay shall I go with this one or you want break shall I go with this one yes Learners yes okay should I take this one yes I will take yes see this is called hitash Hit bash means a logic an error which happens in a loog Indian logic it's called hitash a middle term which appears to be a reason but it is not a valid reason whenever I State a invalid reason and then it is called as hitash whenever I say a invalid reason then I will tell it is a hitash so I have told you these are the five characteristics of hitu right when these things is being violated when the five characteristics of hu are said to be violated means what will happen hitash happens that is error happens what are the errors SW and so these are nothing but called as errors nothing but called as what errors we discussed yesterday right undistributed middle ilicit major ilicit minor all sorts of things we discussed right same thing here we are doing it in the Indian logic terms this is in terms of Indian logic Indian philosophy yes you can note down these terms okay and what do you mean by uh uh this is the pneumonic I have given you so that you can remember easily relate this is the direct examples they are asking in terms of um hitash questions in examination they're asking these examples only the sound is ET and all we would have seen right this same example they asking in the question so just go through these five slides for five examples I'm not going with the types of Aid asid has types and we have sikara we have types I'm not getting into it I'm just giving you the direct five examples okay what do you mean by Aida it means what I'm telling you a reason right this is the reason I'm doing so that reason is said to be an error see the example Sky Lotus is fragrant because it is has a lot lus nness in it like a natural Lotus there is no Lotus called Sky Lotus there is no Lotus called Sky Lotus naturally right but he was telling it is as like Sky Lotus it is fragrant because it looks like uh on it is like a Lotus it has a term called Lotus so they are telling Sky Lotus is fragrant as there is no term at all as Sky Lotus then how it could be fragrant or not we know so what they are doing here they are giving a unproved middle we have we don't have a term called Sky Lotus so there is a unproved middle and this term we call it as what Aid this term we call it as Aid you can remember like oh om so Aid unproved Middle okay unproved middle I'll give you questions now next have you what do you mean by biped biped means which walks with the two legs with what Wix two legs walk with two legs are called as biped they are telling all bips are rational rational means think logically rational means those who think logical as we are all walking with the two legs right then we used to think logic have you seen swans swans also have two legs swans Swan with a long weak it's two legs it will be walking in the lake swans long beak we have studied in story right when we have small kid Swan also have two legs can we say van is also logical thinker no what happens here here I'm telling a irregular middle irregular reason because of having two legs everything should not be logical clear yes this we callar callar s i next one it means what I'm telling sound is eternal white color what white color ah yes white color yes we should white sound is eternal because it is produced sound is eternal Eternal means it long L it will be hearing I cannot I should I was not I will not be saying sound is eternal so it should be audible we cannot say to prove that I'm telling another inference that sound is non Eternal because it is produced like a pot I'm telling you another inference why it is not like that I'm telling you another inference with another reason so that is a it's Error and the middle term is inferentially contradictory by another middle term okay by another middle term that's called sat parit sik you can remember as sick next comes fire is cold because it is a substance is that reason right fire is cold will fire not be cold as it is being a substance I cannot say fire is cold so here what I'm doing I'm non inferentially contradicting the middle term and that's called ba you can remember right bck biscuit right unique biscuit like Bic BN I non inferentially contradictory m and vuda vuda means what contradictory middle giving contradictory reason sound is eternal because it is produced as it is produced it should not need to be there for a long time in the universe that is contradictory mle these are the five things that you can remember in terms of hitash clear Learners if clear I'll give you questions from hitash if clear I'll give you questions from hitash shall I give you shall you go for the questions yes shall I go to the question yes I'll move the first question try to answer this question and check whether you have understood the concept or not okay yes very good first question fire is cold because it is a substance fire is cold because it is a substance very good very good very good very good very good very good see this is the direct question they asking in exam direct question they also ask some Twisted question but if you get this kind of questions we should not leave right that is why I'm giving this question okay very good next question the right answer for this question is but yes right next question next question next question sound is eternal because it is produced yes super very good wait I'll give you another example very good very good everyone got I'll give you another Quest one minute ah yes got question try this question yes try this one this is from latest question according to Nia philos Indian Lo School of logic the fallacy of irregular metal the fallacy of irregular metal just now I told you how to remember fallacy of irregular middle always they asking question v um their question from uh yes very good very good very good very good very good very good so at last minute I don't want to overload that's why I'm telling the these things yes yes very good very good very good you can also try this one yes the right answer for this question is SATA that is Sim right inferential middle sorry irregular middle right irregular middle very good super good good good good I think you are able to answer right yes moving to the next question last question from this topic so that we can move to the next one okay yes try to do this one are you getting some confidence of doing this question yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes sorry sorry sorry sim sim sim yes yes sorry sorry sorry it's of irregular middle yes yes it's SAR yes it isar sorry yes very good sikar good irregular middle sikar yes yes next one do this one which of the following arguments comments the fallacy of contradictory middle that's that the middle term instead of being pervaded by the presence of the major term is pervaded by the absence of the major term yes the same Vera question right the sound is eternal because it is produced right right yes good I have given you the clue fallacy of what fallacy of contradictory middle I've given you the Clue the fallacy of Quant tradictory middle they have explained such that the middle term instead of being perverted by the presence of major term is perved by the absence of major term yes this is VC confident cont midle very good the right answer for this question is option four yes yes moving to the next topic any doubt in this topic so that I'll be moving to uh uh people development environment I'll be moving to people development environment okay yes somebody is telling option two is also the answer two is not the answer two is called a swar sid under Aida right it comes this is called example of swarupa Sid you can also note it down okay this is called swarupa Sid Aida we we discussed right Aida Aida means what unproved middle right similarly sound as quality because it is visible sound is not at all visible right it is an unproved middle right and that's called as what SW Sid it's a type of Aid this is a type type of Aid SW right we we have aarup and then this comes under swup yes you can note it I don't want to overload that's why I did not tell you fire is called substance this is ba this is batita yes yes shall I go to the next one yes I move to next one somebody asked for mood and figure right right so here we have a question on mode and figure so clear with Indian logic so Indian logic I have taught you uh pranas anumana fapi and hitash so six pranas anas kinds their types vapi means relation between middle and the major term hitash five types of fallaces that happens right clear learners yes these are the major things that will be get asked okay now the time is 12:50 so I just wish to take you uh people development environment and then I last I will take you okay yes clear okay done shall I go to the people development environment yes thank you Bish prya thank you thank you so much thank you so much sir we have PD now we have one more concept PD we are going to do PD also people development environment yes please kindly let me know for those who have been it's a first time those of get the concepts cleared here so that I'll be happy yes for those those who have been the first time to get the concepts of Indian logic in hitash we also have some more types inside yes thank you thank you so now we move to PD okay wait I'll switch the PDF one minute yes is the screen visible yes today I got cleared thank you so much thank you so here I'm going to CL uh categorize my topics in such a way that screen visible on us yes so today I'm going to take you PD revision on protocols we going to do it on protocols we are going to do on uh pollution and we are going to just go through the sdg and mdgs and we're going to see Isa in the international solar aliance revision and uh and protocols solution yes these are the four major things that we are going to revise today yes and along with that with that this one we are also going to see the greenhouse gases ozone depleting substances and VES that's all with right major area covers with all these things so shall I start right I'll start now I made it a short one started with ramsar Sid ramsar convention it started in the year uh 1971 okay please Learners listen try to listen very very shortly I've given you with all the years and the current status and the main purpose of those one please kindly listen yes so first protocol is s uh so convention is it's convention ramsar convention in the year 1971 and India became the member of this ramsar site in the year 1982 okay India became the member of this ramsar site in the year 1982 and now currently we have now currently we have totally uh 75 ramsar sites okay so out of which uh 14 are in Tamil Nadu and up has 10 ramsar sites okay M what do you mean by ramar site it means that preserving the wetlands I've given you image right that is a wetland like Lakes uh all these things right we call it as [Music] um yes legs and all right and that we call it as we have to preserve this Wetlands if we uh not maintaining the wetlands means that will be danger for the ecosystem it will be danger for the animals and birds which there right and that we call it as what that is ramsar convention and in 1971 it was being started and it becomes effective so all the things will be started in one year and it will be effective in one some day later and it has been effective and came into force in the year 1975 and India entered into this scheme in the year 1982 and currently we have 75 ramsar sites in India out of which Tamil Nadu has the topest ramar asses and it is mainly meant for preserving the wetlands first one second one comes stock Home declaration it happens in the year 1972 And the main purpose of Stockholm declaration is to maintain a good environment right it's happened in Kenya and reflected in the growing interest in conversation issues worldwide and lay the foundation for global environment governance right it uh the document was under the team one one Earth the documentation presented here under the title one one Earth yes this happened in the year 1972 next comes sites CI Tes sites sites means convention on international trade in endangered species of wild PHA and fora okay so this happened in the year uh 1973 okay sites means what endangered species endangered species so how to preserve the endangered species was this one okay so this happened in the year 1973 okay it came into force in the year 1975 it came into force in the year 1975 see these are all the indent species like uh if you not protecting it properly means it will die that's called endangered species speci most endangered species among animals and plants right and these are the three appending you can if you can you can remember these things and it is international agreement that which is made between governments to ensure the trading of specimens of wild animals and plants which should not threaten the survival of species if I trade that species means it should not affect the species if there are some turtle and all have you seen uh we can should not uh hurt the turtles in Wild oceans right if you do means if you if you um trade that illegally means you'll be put in jail that is a illegal way of trading things because all those species are dying slow day by day that's why and that's called sites note down the abbreviation convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fona and Flora both animals and plants so what happens it means to Illegal exploitation of those animals and plants next comes CMS CMS means what it is convention on migratory species migratory means moving from one place to another place we call it as migratory species and it is also called as Bor convention it happened in B Germany so that's why it's called as Bor convention it signed in the year 1979 and it came into force in the year 1983 and that is meant for threatened migratory species when moves from one place to another place right we give them a temporary shelter for all those things right so this is the main purpose is to conserve the terrestrial marine and Aven means uh flying right Aven migratory species come from one place to another place through air come to one place to Other Place through water comes to one place to another place through uh land and all right we have to give them space to have a shelter have you seen some um vangal like SES and all where the birds will come for season for them that season it is a uh living place if that place is being destroyed means where all the species will live so between government this will be have made right so this is called as what Convention of migratory species yeah we giving the temporary shelter and you have to remember the years 19 79 signed 1983 it is been effective came into Force next comes Nairobi convention happened in the year 1985 Nairobi convention 1985 the main purpose of this convention is to M preserve the Marine uh Marine means ocean right ocean conservation and it has been signed in the year 1985 it came into Force 1986 okay it the part of un EP un EP means united nation has many departments this under the regional sea program which this purpose of this Nairobi convention is to share the Western Indian Ocean in action to protect the shared marine environment next Vienna convention happened in the year 1985 very very important convention this with respect to Ozone with respect to Ozone um First Vienna convention happened in the year 1985 the main purpose of this vaena is to protect the oon see the provides a framework for international efforts to protect the ozone layer because what happened is U the CFCs was the major chlorofluorocarbon right they were the major thing to reduce those thing they made some imp they made some actions for that they created this convention to protect the ozone layer but what happened is it was not enough to control so what they created another protocol called Montreal protocol and which worked on the substances which create uh the substance which affects the ozone layer so they were they started working on which substances has been affecting the ozone layer so we have to reduce those substances so they worked on that one in which we can save the ozone layer and that protocol we call it as ozone layer then that came in the earth next one I'll tell you I'll tell you this ozone lay next it will come okay next it will come so Vienna happened in the year 1985 and ozone um Montreal protocol happened in the year 1987 and in between this we had another protocol called Brute land commission our common future happened in the year 1987 brute land commission so brute land commission means what our common future is the world Commission on environment and development we called the main purpose of this is to meet uh how to F uh give a sustainable future which me which meets all the needs of the people that is brute and commission a common future in the year 1987 okay right so 1983 the UN created the world Commission on envirment development later it was known as brute land commission and happened in the year 1987 yes right next before getting into that concept ozone we have to be clear with ozone layer what do you mean by ozone O3 please this is going to be very useful for the whole PD here I covers everything so ozone means what it is a protective layer which which filters the UV r that comes from Sun right that is a good thing so it's a special form of oxygen with the chemical formula O3 the oxygen we breathe it becomes vital to live about 90% of ozone occurs naturally in the Earth's atmosphere so when we take or Earth atmosphere there are some ozone which occurs naturally and there are something which happens artificially that we going to see so we have lower atmosphere and stratospheric upper atmosphere right see this lower atmosphere is very very harmful one time this was been asked in a statement based question the lower atmosphere at this range right this looks very bad because that again enters back into the the atmosphere which we inhale right when when it is in Stratosphere means there it would be taken care by the it will be reflected back outside there but when it comes inside means right in the lower atmosphere that is very very that is troposphere where because of the nox vo's nitrogen oxides and all right it is called ground level oone this affects the respiratory system of the human being and right for to stop this one only we created a Montreal protocol okay for this only we created the Montreal protocol clear Learners yes so the lower level atmosphere lower level ozone right is very harmful to human beings whereas the upper level stratospheric ozone is said to be the protective layer where it remits back the u r outside to Sun so the stratosphere it is a protective layer which Shields us right this is called a good ozone but as we man-made ozone like CFC CFS note down these things this we ask you in the last ODS ozone depleting substances note down please note down oone depleting substances CFCs hcfcs Halen methyl bromide carbon tetrachloride and methyl chlorop all these things we call it as ozone depleting substances because of these substances which are made by man and industries and refrigerations right it has been affecting the ozone layer okay right they what they do is they they will affect the already their good ozone will be affected and will be destroyed so that the the UV R infrared race enters into the stratospheric space right so to avoid all these things what we did is we created the Montreal protocol okay we created the Montreal protocol so that happened in the year what that happened in the year 19 80 7 monal protocol you can remember in this way M Mo M Mo means what m o means Montreal protocol M Mo means Montreal protocol o means oone o means ozone m means Montreal protocol okay and it came into effect in the year 1989 Learners don't think I'm going very slow so that you can remember well that's why I'm going very slow okay that's why I'm going very slow please don't mistake me yes clear so Montreal protocol 1987 and 1989 it came into force clear next uh note this one this is called as global environment facility this is being established in the year 1991 and the main purpose of this GF is to focus on main areas like biodiversity climate change chemicals waste International Waters land degradation and sustainable Forest management the main purpose of all these things is to save our environment okay 1991 next very very important one 1992 Agenda 21 right very very important till now clear Learners till now clear Learners till now clear please kindly let me know yes okay and next comes 1992 I think you're all noting down the years the convention or treaty and their purpose yes next comes 199 22 un UC unced that is United Nation conference on environment and development and this happened in the year 1992 and this we call it as Earth submit Earth submit and this we call it as Agenda 21 and what is the purpose of this Earth Summit is to uh save the environment right by means of three important things what they brought out three important things one is R declaration Agenda 21 and Forest principles the r declaration is a declaration which has the principles intended to guide countries for future sustainable development so today and all we have Smart City uh smart roads right um clean City and all right we having right uh STG goals very important sustainable development velopment goal all are based being created because of this funing because of this declaration this policies only we have the sustainable development goal Millennium Development Goal and we are following we are doing the S smart cities on all those things right so Rio declaration Agenda 21 Forest principles these are the three documents has been created out of this uncd happened in the year 1992 Agenda 21 and I used to tell you this top in this way this un CED gave outcome these three are the children who are the children unfccc unfccc CBD and UNCC you can note down in this way very very easily you can remember these three are very important the unced right the happens the United Nation conference on environment and development happened in the year 1992 called as Earth government and they gave as a product of three children right three childrens one is unfccc one is CBD another one is unccd what is this unfccc is they consider that conference is mainly meant for climatic change so climatic change is meant for greenhouse gases climatic change meant for greenhouse gases okay okay tell me what are all the greenhouse gases CO2 water vapor this will be in form of vapor tell me quick tell me the um greenhous gases water vapor nitrous oxide and methane CH4 yes these all we call it as what CFG that is man-made sorry natural greenh cases we have two types of gases one is natural gases 1 minute 1 minute sorry yes very good very good very good lopa lopa please let me give answers this is kind of a revision this last minute may be asked you in the examination to do it please do answer carbon dioxide right uh and also have ozone and see these are called to be as some are natural greenhous gases which has been created From vcos Oceans right natural ozone natural sorry natural greenhous gases what all the man-made uh greenhous gases that is all of about the cfc's hfc cfc's and all right they all come to um sulfur peroxide sf6 and all comes under the manmade grees we'll see at the last don't worry right we'll see at the last and this CFG to reduce the greenhouse gases there are two important protocol one is called a Paris agreement another one is called Kyoto Protocol to reduce the greenhous gases two important protocol Paris agreement and Kyoto Protocol Paris agreement means it happened in the year 2016 main purpose is to reduce the greenhouse gas emission greenhous gas emission by which by through reducing the carbon dioxide emission the means of reducing the carbon dioxide we can reduce the that is the main plan and then next comes Koto protocol so Kyoto Protocol means this also meant to reduce the greenh gases okay this also meant to reduce the greenh gases and they had industrial limitation that we will see don't worry okay so in Koto protocol we have two period of agreement right it came in the Year 1997 and it came into force in the Year 2005 right next comes CBD CBD mean there we have two two important things one is CAG and one is NAA protocol CBD means convention on biological diversity biological diversity means what today we have so much of Technology have you seen films like robot and all right robot andren in Tamil we have enden films right and in that film they will say this robot is harmful to the society so we need to dismantle it they'll be telling right they'll be harmful to this technology is harmful to the human mankind they'll be stating such way right similarly the main convention the main purpose of this convention is to protect against the biological diversity the car protocol is mainly meant for what um mainly meant for yes this is mainly meant for biot modern biotechnology modern biotechnology and this nagayo protocol is mainly meant for gentic resources saving the genetic resources genetic resources right that is the main purpose of Nagoya protocol yes very good super and then unccd is mainly meant for what land desertification dra and all it is been brought desertification right see so here have given so unfccc now I'll go I I think you are clear with the what are the purpose of unfccc CBD and unccd okay so unfccc works on climatic change it was signed in the year 1992 and it came into Force 1994 so in unfccc there is a uh uh the main objective of is to stabilize the greenhous gas concentration the atmosphere which led to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference anthropogenic means man-made activities man-made activities is called anthropogenic activities and we have cop cop means what cop is a supreme authority which works on this climatic change and this we call it as Conference of parties this we call it as Conference of parties Conference of parties the first Conference of parties is being started in the year 1995 okay 1995 and cop 28 it's not 27 it is 28 okay now I think Mor has went to uh Dubai to attend the conference of parties 28 on climatic change now it is happening right this week it's going on right Conference of parties so see this is about unfccc okay unfccc next I move to Kyoto Protocol what do you by Kyoto Protocol so Kyoto Protocol is main purpose is to reduce the green house has emissions greenhouse gas emission how to cut down this greenhouse gas emission it is signed in 1997 and it came into force in 2005 and we have right we have a um uh two phases of uh commitment two commitment period we used to say we used to say two commitment period yes uh one minute now you tell me what are all the greenhouse cases now tell me what are all the greenhouse gases tell me what all the greenhous gases What are the greenhous gases that Kyoto Protocol targeted to reduce R are carbon dioxide CO2 n2o okay n2o methane CH4 and we have are you noting down yes hfc's hfcs and pf6 pf6 means per floro carbons pfcs per Flo carbons and then sufur EXA fluid yes so these are the gases that Kyoto wants to control wants to control these protocol these gases please note down very very important we have got questions many many of time from these things so these are all the man-made greenhouse gases which have been emitted and polluting the ozone right so by by controlling these by controlling the emission from this right um gases we can save the right clear yes yes so here it is eight actually I've given five sorry it is eight eight so the Koto protocol Phase 1 phase two two commitment periods was been uh created uh to set the target so in the in the year 2008 to 12 they set a Target to cut down the emissions by 5% and 2013 to 2020 they set a Target to cut down the emission by 18% yes very good um this is per flurocarbon per floro carbons and sf6 means sulfur hexa flate hfc means hydrocarbons floc carbons clear yes very good thank you so much for listening thank you so these are the phase one and phase two so these are targets commitment periods remember and the targets kindly remember okay yes next comes par agreement 2015 it happened and the Paris agreement is happened to the cop 21 now what cop is happening now what cop is happening now presently it is cop 28 Modi just went to Dubai UAE to attend the cop 28 clear cop 28 you may get questions from cop 28 okay yes cop 27 happened in Egypt cop 27 happened in Egypt yes very good super good so Paris agreement so in in terms of Kyoto Protocol we have 1997 2015 here there Al red greenhous gas emission has to be as concentrated you have to remember the greenhous gases and the two commitment periods one commitment period is with from 2008 to 12 and from 13 to 20 5% 18% of cut down of emission of greenhous gases next agreement with respect to greenhous gases is Paris agreement in the year 2015 and this is been being replaced by the Kyoto Protocol okay Kyoto Protocol what they did here is right they want to uh the global temperature is being increasing right by means of we have to reduce the global temperature increase right well below 2° above the pre- industry level while pursuing means to limit increase by 1.5% 1.5° C by 2 by doing so what will happen is the carbon dioxide emission if the greenhouse gas emission is being reduced means the global warming will be reduced right the temperature rise may be reduced if we have not taking care of this global warming greenhous gas emissions means what will happen the place that we live becomes in in inhabitable to live right and all the many of the species will be ding by 207 many of the species will not be exin okay will not be exist in this world and the GDP will be lost because of 4 percentage in 4° C rise in temperature will happen if this state is not being taken care right what taking care right our Target is to reduce what this is our Target but our current policy are are here now 3.5 de C has been rising but but we have to reduce this to what the limit the global temperature increase in this Century to well below 2° C right between believe 1.5° C to 2° C that is the Target that is the Target that is the agreement of Paris agreement and for this what they have done is they have made an uh indc indc intended nationally determined contributions regarding the carbon dioxide emissions right so they will be taking care of all these things I think you clear with the Paris agreement and Kyoto Protocol yes next comes the CBD so CBD 1992 here I'll be going quick that has been 120 uh CBD is nothing but convention on biological diversity it happened in the year again as I said this second child of UNF unced United National Conference of envirment and development first child is unfccc second child is CBD and it was been passed in the year 1992 and this came into force in the year 1993 the convention came into Force 1993 currently the secretariate of this convention of biological diversity is in Montreal Canada it is in Montreal Canada okay uh Canada right right and India becomes one of the member in the year 1994 okay what are the main purpose of this Montreal protocol is what cartigen protocol and Nagoya protocol what is caragen and what is nagya protocol Caro protocol as I said right Robo flim robot flim you can easily remember it just happened in the year 2000 and it came into Force 2003 what all the technology the modern biotechnology okay the bi modern biotechnology are harmful to human beings or not it has to be answerable under this protocol only um few things like right transport and use of modified organisms will be taken care resulting from Modern biotechnology some organisms creation species Creations right um that should be not be risk to the human health right that's called car protocol Naga protocol means access to genetic resources right access of genetic resources that is on the land off the land uh in the ocean there are some resources which are genetic resources has to be saved and that under the n Bo protocol 2010 it came into control 2014 that came into uh 2014 yes clear yes next comes Stockholm convention this happened in the year 2001 and this worked on persistent organic pollutants clear very good super super RMI lopa very good see now don't feel that you're feeling bore it is getting dragging don't think why because you are investing your time in learning something for Learners who are going to write your exam you may get some question from this topic right many of the students who are missing by two marks missing by two marks they'll be get benefited out of this right for those who are learning new Concepts for them also it will be very very useful okay clear Learners so don't think that you are feeling bored or what is this being happening don't think like that you're learning A New Concept definitely this will be useful for your examination yes and stockh home convention see stockh home declaration is different right here it is Stockholm convention this is 2001 and that is 1972 right so they worked on persistent organic pollutants and it was opened in 2001 it came into Force 2004 yes very good thank you thank you RMI thank you and what do you mean by this PO means what DT we used to uh use on fertilizers and all right uh Doro Diel no need to remember this right just remember these ones DTD dioxin we getting questions from these things right dioxins furons thank you Vinita thank you so these all things we call it as what dd okay so these are the pesticides that's being banned uh by this convention eight pesticides two industrial chemicals right like polychlorinated bals hexa chlorobenzene these all the chemicals is being being banned from this um convention okay why they are doing this they are harmful to human human health and also for the environment okay and this we call it as what this we call it as Stockholm convention 2001 DT dioxin Fons and all right okay so what it affects it affects the stcop ozone statos opic ozone being affected because of these things right okay next next I told you right uh the background of this poop the PO is background starts from 1985 Vienna 1987 Montreal protocol what is the purpose of Vienna to protect the ozone layer the purpose of Montreal protocol to to control the substance that deplete the ozone layer okay so what are all the substances these are the ODS ODS and some hfc's ODS and some HF what are the ODS oone depleting substances chlorofluorocarbon hydrocarbons okay methyl floron and some something containing Hons and methyl bromade or also called as ODS so as Learners you have to remember the ODS you have to remember the CFG don't forget orus you have to remember you can write it down on your notebook for a short notes revision right you can write it down ODS and CHS okay right and next comes with this Montreal protocol and the all these ozone related things we have 2016 cagil Amendment what what is the working of this KAG amendment is to phase down all these hfc's hydrocarbons because because of this hfc's only they survive longer time on the in the atmosphere okay longer time in the atmospheres so that is why they' created a new Amendment called kagi amendment in the year 2016 see CFC 12 has a longer lifetime greater than 100 years in the atmosphere okay right now comes Kil environment in the year 2016 okay what is the main purpose of this KAG environment is to is to face down the hydrocarbons cut down the hydrocarbons right according to India according to India okay uh remember according to India uh we are planning to by 20 47 up to 80 to 85% of hfc's has to be cut off this is the main impact okay this is the main um Target this is the main target of Kil Amendment so you can remember Montreal protocol sorry Vienna convention and then Montreal protocol okay Montreal uh protocol from there where it moves it comes to um um k Amendment okay Kali Amendment this happened in the year 1985 this happened in the year 1987 this happened in the year 2016 all these things talked about the ozone depleting substances okay ozone and ozone depleting substances clear Learners yes yes Learners hope clear yes so all these things are with respect to your protocols so it starts from ramsar convention in the year 1971 ramar convention and then 1972 it is Stockholm please take back your notes whatever you written I'll just give you a quick glse 1972 this is ramsar site and 1972 is a stockh home declaration and then 19 yes 1972 uh Stockholm declaration and then this we have done in our in our PD class it's also protocol class also we have done please kindly go and check it out and 1973 CS sites right sites and it came into force in the year 19 uh sites came into year 1975 1975 and then CMS migrated species migrated species at 1979 please write down in the chat box so that you'll be a quick revision please write down in the chat box CMS 1979 1983 it came into Force 1983 came into force and then next comes 1982 Nairobi convention this is to naobi convention is to protect the ocean right it is to protect the ocean and then comes 1980 and then come 1985 Vienna convention and 1987 Montreal protocol and it came into force in the year 1989 and in the year 19 uh 87 we have brute land report very good we have brot land report very good thank you so much please kindly do write down along with me so that it'll be a kind of a revision and 1992 very very important what on 1992 we have unfc C unfccc we have CBD and we have uh unccd and unfccc worked on CFG reducing the greenhous gases CBD worked on biotechnology right biotechnology and this CD concentrates on land or DRS DRS right drought and unfccc gave two two two two things one is Paris agreement that happened in the year 2015 Paris agreement yes drafted in the year 2015 and signed in the year 2016 and uh it came into force in the year uh uh wait it came into Force three things are there they have been drafted first and then they have been uh entered into Force yes they have been drafted in the year 2015 2015 after 2015 and it came into force in the year 2016 okay Paris agreement Paris agreement yes yes very good very good very good so Under Paris agreement we have to remember the temperature right it is should be 1.5° C to 2° below 2° cus it has to be and Kyoto Protocol we have two things one is 1997 it has been signed 2005 it came into force and we have what we have the uh commitment periods we have the commitment periods two commitment periods that is 2005 to 200 12 and another one is from 2013 to 2020 and um this is to reduce the CFG by 5% and then by 18% reduction very good super thank you Learners very good please kindly all the Learners try to put the here so that it will be a kind of a revision to you Learners please do put please do put please do put so that it will be a revision for you you it's not for you see Nairobi 1982 it started 1985 it came into Force okay it came into force in the year 1985 similarly Vienna convention was signed in the year 1985 right it signed in the year 1985 Montreal protocol 8789 yes very good Ashwini binita Bish Pria RMI sopia Sophie Lea very good very good right and then CBD under CBD we have what all protocols under CBD we have cagen protocol cagen protocol and Nagoya protocol and nagaya protocol this happened in the year 2000 and this happened in the year they came into Force K came into force in the year what Kina came into Force 2003 yes the year 2003 nagaya protocol they been signed in the year 200 10 and they came into force in the year 2014 2014 the main purpose of CBD CAG is to bi bi bio bio uh technology modern biotechnology here is to genetic resources and unccd is to land rots right desertification they concentrate on desertification and rot very good very good desertification and rot right and next after this we have what KAG amendment in the year 2016 this one and this 2016 KAG amendment is to face down the um hfc 80% reduction right clear Learners yes yes very good very good yes so according to India right it is planned to uh reduce the uh this is in the um the uh what is that uh document of government of India right they have given that they will be trying to reduce the hfc's in four steps right from four steps from 2032 so 10 percentage by 2032 this is been given in the uh press information Bureau of India uh regarding this kagi amendment and by 20% in 2037 20 percentage by 2037 and uh 30% by 2042 30 percentage by 2042 and 85% by 2047 by 2047 okay kindly yes yes RI exactly it is what 85 percentage by 2047 please do note down this is being given there in the uh Pip this is 2037 7 this is 20 uh 37 so by these four steps they start to reduce the emission of hfc's okay yes clear Learners so all these things are with respect to the protocols clear with this one yes clear so that now I will move to the uh next one on um what is that other things yes shall I start bisha it's 47 Vish Pria 47 okay very good so with a few questions with this one I'll be going quickly into the concepts okay yes very good laa very good very good good good good good very good very good I think clear with the concepts now I move to the next one as people are not fond of PD I think so because as PD is taken many people going out as when I was taking PD right many people are going out I think people don't like PD yes I'll give you uh do you want to break Learners oh if I give break means everyone will go if I give you break means everyone everyone will go right yes ma'am okay fine good now comes no is is the class nice 1 minute we'll take three how was the class how was the session how was the revision is it useful to you is the revision useful yes yes I planned on giving uh quick kind of things but there are will be students who don't know those things right for them only I gave that all this details right I hope you enjoyed this class now I'll start with the pq's few pq's with respect to things that we have discussed uh then we'll go to the next next things that I have told you uh that's uh protocol over we have to see pollution and SG MDG that's all and then I think we are been you're also been very clear with these gases CFG ODS very very important kindly have a very useful M thank you so much thank you thank you please kindly get have it write it in your notebook right see CFG ODS all the protocols in one single sheet you can take uh uh one quare sheet right one quare sheet sorry one single sheet for examination or all our children used to write no it can take that sheet you can write it in full scape that is enough for your revision okay before your examination only if you do that rision is more than enough with respect to PD not more than that all the greenhous gases ODS and protocols protocols and now I'm going to give you something regarding the pollution all the in pollution also these things will come greenhous gas will come Modas will come there also it will come okay so we can use all those things also yes not enough mean see this is very big area uh we cannot expect few questions like in other things right very vast area uh but for this last moment revision if you do this concept means we can get something three question out of the topic which I'm teaching you that I can tell you okay uh we cannot say this alone is enough I can't say because yes Monica I'll complete as early as possible I'll complete by 230 don't worry I'll complete by 230 yes so you cannot say this is all enough we have more than this this but okay now let me start which are the following are the natural greenhouse guests natural greenhouse guests Learners please kindly uh answer the questions quick quick we have to do it come on start doing answering the question very good very good very good very good very good very good Wades am peral that's of paper two class 3 p.m. classes for paper two class prianka chat mam will take that class yes it's on YouTube at 3:00 paper two computer science she's covering yes we will have RI now okay the right answer for this question is what a b c d natural greenhous gases are uh carbon dioxide except what except this is CFC okay chloro chlorocarbons everything is on yes free session yes free session this is for computer science next one quick quick quick uh arrange of uh CFC CH4 n2o CO2 in decreasing order according to the contribution global warming right according to global warming contribution quick Learners quick by 2:30 I have to complete yes very good very good very good the right answer for this question is option number four kindly note down uh as the greenhous gas is been emitted right 60% is contributing from carbon dioxide 20% methane CFC 14 N2 6 percentage right they asking the decreasing order whenever the question is there please be careful about the decreasing increasing order okay so the in decreasing order they asked right so CO2 CH4 CFC and N2 very good very good next question what is the correct increasing order of the contribution of global warming by gas the same question now I asked the increasing order that's all it's a natural natural greenos gas vation am peral it is a natural greenos gas it's form of vapor it will be not in water form it in form of vapor water vapor uh Mor s when tomorrow we are going to do ICT okay in ICT we will do binary conversion tomorrow we are going to do ICT so tomorrow ICT will do don't worry yes the right answer for the question is option number B that is two right increasing order they asked for you right for increasing is the largest one is 60% right this is 60% what is about methane methane is uh 20% right methane 20% N2 4 6% so n2o is 6% and this is 20% okay increasing order so C A and B very good very good very good so these are all important Global um greenhouse gas okay this all about the greenhouse gases and see this is the greenhous effect uh the sources of greenos gases somebody was asking ma'am h H2 is a greenhous gas right uh see H2O is the water vapor it will be in the form of vapor it will be in form of a vapor okay it in form of a vapor uh these are all the source where natural greenhous gas is being emitted natural source so volcano oceans right from all these things natural greos normal greenos effects there here this is very very important manmade greenhous gas emission happened because of all these things fossil fuel deforestation agricultural sea wage treatment fertilizer right chemical production all these things we create the greenhous gases more to be emitted on the atmosphere the green the fossil fol comes under carbon dioxide you can zoom this image and you can note down this pink color is talking about the methane agricultural talks about methane they emit more methane nitrogen fertilizers right fertilizer that we use right they emit nitrous oxide uh air conditioner electronics and all release fluorinated gases like CFC hfc sf6 pf6 and all right so please kindly note on these things all these things are with respect to the emission of greenhous gases right okay next next I move to uh the air pollution particles what all the particles plays a vital role in air pollution I'll just go a quick revision okay particulate matter partic matter o what by particulate matter a very small dust that we see right uh that we called as particulate matters that comes out of smoke construction cleaning renovation right and all we have a small small particles which is very very small in size and they used to say it's PM 2.5 and PM 10 they used to measure in micrometers okay and this is called as partic matter and the the source of those partic matter is from IND industrial W gas St emissions at all Earth great next comes ozone ozone is a O3 O3 we used to say and it is a protective layer when it comes to statosphere right but what happens the ground level ozone is said to be very harmful to the human environment just now we saw in the protocols and all right ozone so where that ozone is being um destroyed that ozone which is there in the atmosphere is being destroyed by means of the chemical combination of this uh nitrogen oxides and volatile organic comp so what they happen they react with them and then it gets destroyed and they lose their power that being affected the ozone layer okay and we the nitrogen oxide is said to be the highly reactive gas which present in the atmosphere and they react with the ozone and it affects the ozone layer okay and it is being released from automobile emission electricity depart electricity generation uh burning of a fuel and all those things it is been released next sulfur dioxide very very important uh we have read acid rain right acid rain acid rain and Taj Mahal reasons Taj Mahal discoloration all because of this sulfur dioxide okay what it happens is the uh the sulfur dioxide reacts with water vapor and reacts with uh oxygen in there in the atmosphere and it becomes sulfuric acid okay this so SO2 reacts with the water vapor as we I said right we also have water vapor in the atmosphere and it reacts with SO2 and it becomes a sulfuric acid and that is been coming here as a acid R and that is also a reason for a um what is that U air pollution okay and it being emitted from automobiles Industries again same thing will be there okay and ammonia what is ammonia ammonia is also a air pollutant and that is colorless reactive and this is a important parameter of air quality index so whenever the air quality is being evaluated with all these parameter they will check how much of PM is there particulate matter is there ozone is there okay sulfur sulfur dioxide is there ammonia all these things will be accounted as a parameter of air quality index the quality of the air will be estimated with these things right okay and the source of ammonia is agricultural activities animal husbandry fertilizes and uh all these things are reent for ammonia right next comes lead very very important lead so lead is a very heavy metal and it is very corrosive and very harmful to human mankind also okay and this comes from metal processing waste Incarnation fossil fuel nuclear reactors and all we get this lead okay and sorry batteries batteries we get from uh lead and ere exposure to lead will be doing neurotoxicity neuro problems will be done learning this disabilities will be done water contamination will be done right all these things will be it's very harmful lead is very very harmful okay lead is very very harmful clear Learners these are all the a qu a uh Quality Index parameters what are all those PM ozone ammonia ammonia PB means lead and sulfur dioxide and uh and nitrogen dioxide okay so these are all the air quality parameters index parameters kindly note all things okay yes so this is all regarding the air quality next I move to water clear lers hope clear uh next comes very important one okay this will see last okay answer this question answer this question quick quick Learners answer this question yes very good very good very good very good very good very good very good yes so now we move to International solar aliance right this is international solar aliance International treaty I'll give you all the important details regarding the international solar Alliance so the region of most of the countries of international solar Alliance are between the topic of cancer and topic of Capricorn okay uh who started Isa when started so Isa has been started by uh the Indian government and the French government it is a interg government organization and it has been between Francis holid Francis solid and uh our Prime Minister Modi in the year 2015 okay in the the year 2015 the main purpose of this uh and the framework agreement has been fr FR framework agreement has been formed agreement has been formed in the year 2016 and it came into force in the year 2017 yes oh a yes Monica by 215 I'll complete don't worry I'll 215 I'll complete yes sure sure sure sure sure and the main headquarters is there in NC that is National Institute of solar energy it is in gurug gr that is in gurug Graham harana I'm giving you only the important points the rest point all I given you in the uh YouTube session you can kindly go through and as for 2023 uh6 16 countries have been signed for this uh Isa 116 countries have been signed out of which 94 countries has been ratified the agreement they are ready to uh ratify the agreements right and this SD and this uh International solar Alliance comes under sdg7 okay what is sg7 that is clean and affordable energy clean and affordable energy okay clean and affordance sg7 okay so 2015 it has been launched 16 the framework has been assigned and 2017 it came into fors what are the main objective of the ISA is what it it is to deploying of th000 gwatt of 1000 gwatt that is 1 terawatt of solar energy globally they have targeted to do it they globally they have targeted but according to India what is the target according to India the target was by 2022 by 2022 by 2022 the target is 175 gaw of renewable energy out of which 100 gwatt is mainly meant for solar energy 100 is mainly meant for solar energy in that uh according to present one right 100 gaw 50 gaw is mainly meant for so rooftop okay is for rooftop thing these are the main important points with regarding the uh solar aliens okay yes so this is about the um International solar onion 2022 clear learners that's all the important points yes yes Isa it's International solar Alliance International solar aliance yes next one so I'll move to the next question uh next topic that is on noise pollution and this framework agreement right the framework agreement when it was been signing it was been signed in Morocco okay maresh mares moraco it was being signed okay when it was started Francis holed was the president but it when it was been came into action uh the president was what whom who was the president when it came into action came into Force who was the president when it came into Force when it came into Force who was the president of France in International Alliance quick quick clearers Francis HED was was the uh when he was start signed right I told you in that class itself I told you I gave you the image also very good very good it is Emmanuel it's Emmanuel very good very good yes it's Emmanuel very good it's Emanuel very good very very good okay that's all about and then I move to uh sound one as it is a big file this yes uh so according to noise pollution kindly note down these things okay noise pollution so in in noise pollution is being always uh deducted by decb right decb so in industrial areas the daytime noise should be what it be at the limit of 75 DB and night time it should be of 70 DB in commercial area it should be of 65 DB and in night time it should be 85 DB is allowed sound is permitted in residential area it is 55 45 silent Zone it is 5040 many of times the questions has been asked from The Sound things right okay you can note down the industrial area commercial area residential area and the silencer zones yes I'll go with one question with respect to noise pollution try to answer yes quick quick Learners so I have to complete the pollution and then I will stop what are all the health effects related to noise pollution what are all the health effects related to noise pollution quick last option is a b c e noise polish why thinking too much noise related to what noise related to ears yes so just tell me that's all noise related to ears right very good clear speech hearing hypertension respiratory with respect to air pollution with respect to air pollution yes very good very good very good L good good good good good yes very good okay next comes with respect to water okay yes answer this question which of the following is a chemical treatment used in water treatment process quick we will complete right we have seen air pollution we have seen water pollution and uh sorry noise pollution and then water now comes water quick quick yes the chemical treatment uh in water treatment process the answer for this question is coagulation right so it's a chemical treatment water process used to remove the solids from Water by manipulating the electrostatic charge of particles no need to go to technical it is a process of coagulation where we used to uh remove the solid particles from water that's all removing the solid particles from the water is called the coagulation okay next very important question tell me the physical parameters of water tell me the physical parameters to desde the water quality physical parameters to decide the water quality physical chemical we have two types of parameters one is physical parameter and another one is chemical parameters we have two parameters and which parameters comes under physical which parameter comes under chemical you can think a little bit logical you'll be getting the answer quick Learners we have to complete very good very good the right answer for this question is answer four not uh 3 2 four is the right answer physical parameters s physical parameters of water include color taste order temperature turbidity solid electrical conductivity chemical means what there comes the acid pH level right how many hydroxy LS are there acidity level of the alkal level chlorine level hardness level dissolved oxygen bio biological oxygen demand all these things we called as the chemical parameters please kindly note down in your notebook these are the physical parameters and these are the chemical parameters of a water of a water okay in that I'll be just roughly covering all the important Concepts about what is the dissolved oxygen and all so dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that is present in the water okay dissolved oxygen is the the number of the amount of oxygen that is present in the water we call it as what dissolved oxygen uh what do you mean by uh uh bod bod means what biological oxygen demand what happens if dissolved oxygen decreases if the dissolved oxygen decreases in the sea level means the Aquatic animals will be get affected okay if the dissolved oxygen get decreases means the Aquatic animals will get affected uh that will be a very big threat for them okay so and The Taste one The Taste and the Order of the water also will changed if the O2 dissolved oxygen level gets decreased and that we call as dissolved oxygen right and that we call as dissolved oxygen and what do you mean by bod biochemical oxygen demand biochemical oxygen demand means what what do you mean by biochemical oxygen demand it means that uh uh as we say right when the dissolve oxygen get decreased it will affect the um water animals right so the biochemical oxygen has been demanded more because of the organisms which lives there the plants uh the algae and all lives there right for they also demand those things that we call it as biochemical oxygen demand so uh there is a thing wait I'll show you one minute uh see this is the bio bio biochemical oxygen demand level in water if it is in the range of 1 to two means the water quality is very good if the bio oxygen uh biochemical oxygen demand is the level of 3 to 5 mg per liter in the water means it is fair okay if it is more than 100 means the water is very very polluted okay it contains the many organic matter inside it that's a meaning if it is the range of 6 to9 means the water is polluted by having the microorganisms and some kind of a decomposing waste are there in the water it means so dissolved oxygen can to understand bod try to understand bod means biochemical oxygen demand it means right this level of water will tell the quality of the water qu quality these are all said to be the chemical parameter okay and then next comes chemical oxygen demand chemical oxygen demand chemical oxygen demand means okay what does it mean the chemical oxygen demand which measures the amount of oxygen to chemically oxidize the organic matter that means the ammonia and nitrate level of water will be tested in this chemical oxygen demand okay the NH3 level the nitrates will be measured right in the water so that we call a chemical oxygen demount clear Learners kindly note down all these things right so I think I have covered the uh with respect to Waters right by 5 minutes I'll complete don't worry okay so these are all the main important things that we require in uh um water pollution okay so today I have I completed protocols uh and I have completed cfgs I've completed ODS and I've completed uh the pollution right what pollution air water and Noise okay main important things kindly go through the things with this time I can able to complete all these things right you can go through the playlist where they can you can also have the pyqs we have discussed there you can go there and can go through the to attend those pyqs to have a better idea because nobody's going there and looking at the P pyqs please kindly go if you have understood all these Concepts here means definitely you'll be able to do the pq's okay yes yes yes yes exactly noise pollution you have to understand their levels Industrial Level residential level all those levels we have to understand and uh protocols very very important with respect to CFG and ODS right and in ODS I'll give you one thing CFC hfc in that both are harmful but more harmful is a CFC okay more harmful is CFC compared to hfc but hfc is also harmful right to have this in mind okay right so with this I stop today's class where we have covered all the protocols CFG ODS for pollution and all things uh I think this will be useful for examination kindly go through the STG and MDG STG and MDG in the link which we there in the playlist kindly go through the sustainable development goal and Millennium Development Goal yes yes what Vish prya for paid learners sceners ma'am I can't get you no for all Learners it is there in the YouTube all these things are in YouTube YouTube also we have the pyqs there we have few pyqs yes yes I hope this class is useful you can uh go take rest write it in your notes by your hand so that you can make it as a good revision clear Learners yes very good thank you so much please do like the session tomorrow at uh tomorrow same tomorrow at 11:15 okay today I tomorrow I'll join at 11:15 11:15 to nearly 1:00 okay we'll be going doing on uh I we'll be doing on ICT clear tomorrow we'll be doing on ICT yes yes tomorrow I 11:15 to 1:00 please do put your comment in the comment section do subscribe the channel and like to share with other your friends if you put the comment only then we can others will also will able to know what is going on in this class okay please try to put it in the comment section your comment about the class about the session yes thank you so much for your support any doubts you can ask yes higher education in the next day higher education the next day yes uh by meantime if you want to do revision you can go to YouTube playlist also we have so many things there you can go and do a revision right those who are new to the channel you you can go to the playlist there also we have all the things I'm just consolidating all these things and giving you here few new new topics will be introduced the rest will be there all in the pyqs right in the YouTube playlist I'm consolidating I'll try to cover all these things kindly visit the uh paper one playlist in this YouTube channel right yes for higher education research yes uh if I'm giving in meantime I will let you know for research I will let you know in meantime by today or tomorrow and any other time I'm I'm going to give means I'll will let you know yes no no Bishop yes so thank you so much thank you kindly do put your comments in the comment section then here I need also in the comment section so that other Learners will able to know what is going on in the class yes fine thank you so so much bye all the best