hi my name's amanda and i'm a pharmacist today i'll be continuing with my top 200 drug series with part 7 antibiotics antifungals and antivirals we'll be looking at the indication some pharmacology and the generic and brand names and if you find this video useful please press the like button and subscribe to my channel and share with others who may find it helpful too thanks i really appreciate it so first we'll just look at some general information about antibiotics antibiotics are medications that specifically treat infections caused by bacteria not viruses or other microorganisms just bacteria they work by killing bacteria which is called bacteriacidal or by inhibiting the growth of bacteria which is called bacteriostatic there are different types of antibiotics that treat different types of bacterial infections first we'll look at the penicillins these are a type of beta-lactam antibiotic penicillins work by damaging the cell wall of the bacteria so they're bactericidal and they treat a wide range of infections and penicillin was actually the first antibiotic used by doctors and in the top 200 there's amoxicillin brand name is amoxil and amoxicillin with clavulonic acid and the brand name of that is augmentin and just a note here about the combination of amoxicillin with clavulonic acid the clavulonic acid is not an antibiotic itself but an inhibitor of the enzyme which breaks down the penicillin antibiotics so by combining it with the amoxicillin this allows the antibiotic to reach higher levels and to treat more types of infections next are the cephalosporins these are also a beta-lactam antibiotic and they work in the same way by damaging the cell wall of the bacteria so they're bactericidal and they treat a wide range of infections as well some examples of infections they treat include ear and sinus infections urinary tract infections infections of the gi tract in the top 200 there's cephalexin which is keflex and cephtoneer which is omnisf next are the fluoroquinolones or they're sometimes just referred to as the quinolones these work by inhibiting bacterial enzymes responsible for the dna replication of the bacteria and they are bactericidal they treat a wide range of infections as well including utis and respiratory infections and the fluoroquinolones are generally strong antibiotics used for resistant infections and in the top 200 there's ciprofloxacin which is cipro and levofloxacin which is levaquin next are the sulfonamides these are commonly known just as sulfa drugs they work by inhibiting bacteria's ability to make folic acid which is needed for their reproduction they're bacteriostatic the sulfonamides treat a wide range of infections including utis bronchitis and prostate infections and in the top 200 there's sofa methoxazole combined with trimethoprim when the brand name is bactrim or septra and i have a note up here about the trimethoprim because it is not a sulfonamide but trimethoprim it's an antibiotic that also interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis at a different step causing greater effectiveness so in combination these two are actually bactericidal next are the macrolides sometimes they're called the erythromycin antibiotics they work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis which is needed for replication and they do this in a reversible manner so they're bacteriostatic and the macrolides treat a wide range of infections including utis ear infections upper and lower respiratory tract infections stomach infections skin infections and stds and in the top 200 there's azithromycin which is brand name is zithromax next are the lincosamides or the lyncomycin antibiotics these work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis which is needed for replication and they also do this in a reversible manner like the macrolides and they're also bacteriostatic the lycosamides they treat a wide range of anaerobic infections anaerobic means that the bacteria do not require oxygen for them for for growth and this includes dental respiratory skin bone and soft tissue infections and in the top 200 there's clindamycin the brand name is cleoson and just to note here that chemically they the link lincosamides are unrelated to the macrolides despite the same mice and suffix and mechanism of action next are the nitro imidazoles these work by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis which disrupts the dna they are bacterial these treat a wide range of anaerobic infections including infections of the gi tract skin urinary tract bone blood central nervous system heart and lower respiratory tract and also this class of antibiotics has anti-protozoal activity against certain parasites and single cell organisms like trichomonas and amoeba and in the top 200 there's metronidazole brand name is flagella next are the nitrofurans these work by several mechanisms they disrupt the bacterial protein cell wall rna and dna synthesis and in the top 200 there's nitrofurantoine brand name is macrodentin and macrobid and this specific nitrofuran nitrofurantoin it treats urinary tract infections it's actually bactericidal in your in the urinary tract at therapeutic doses and the way it works is it has a large crystal structure called a macro crystal which restricts absorption through the gi tract so this allows for higher concentrations in the urine next are the tetracyclines these work by disrupting bacterial protein synthesis so they're bactericidal they treat a wide range of infections including infections of the intestine respiratory tract urinary tract and eyes and they are also used in the treatment of anthrax various stds gum disease and acne and in the top 200 is doxycycline which is vibromycin or doryx next are the topical antibiotics in the top 200 there's mupirosen which is bactroban this comes as a cream and an ointment mupiricin is a mixture of several pseudomonic acids which inhibit bacterial rna and protein synthesis it's bacteriostatic and it treats a wide range of skin infections typically due to staph or strep that includes in pedigo open wounds and mrsa and it is inactive for most anaerobic bacteria next we'll look at the antifungals these are for the treatment of infections caused by a fungus including yeast infections there are different types of antifungals but azoles are the only types in the top 200 drugs and in the top 200 there's fluconazole which is difficult and ketoconazole which is dizeroll and the azole antifungals work by interfering with fungal cell membrane synthesis and they treat a wide range of fungal infections and last are the antivirals these are for the treatment of infections caused by a virus and they are only effective while the virus is replicating and there are different antivirals that work against different viruses for herpes and varicella which is chicken pox and shingles in the top 200 there's acyclovir brand name is ovarax and valcyclovir brand name is valtrex and for influenza there's oceltamivir which is tamiflu thanks for watching please like and share this video with others who may find it helpful and please subscribe to see more of my drug information videos and up next we'll be continuing with our top 200 drug series with part 8 antidepressant and antipsychotic medications thanks for watching