Overview
This lecture covers essential TOEFL reading vocabulary, providing definitions, common collocations, and usage tips for each word to help students prepare for the exam.
Adapting and Changing
- Adapt means to change or adjust to new conditions (e.g., adapt quickly, adapt to change).
- Modify, alter, or adjust are common synonyms.
Organizing, Distributing, and Approaching
- Allocate means to distribute resources or duties for a purpose (e.g., allocate funds).
- Approach refers to a method or way of dealing with a problem (e.g., scientific method).
Expressing Clarity and Logic
- Apparent means clearly visible or obvious (e.g., apparent reason).
- Coherent means logical and consistent (e.g., coherent structure).
Collecting, Enhancing, and Completing
- Compile means to gather together information (e.g., compile data).
- Complement means to enhance or complete something (e.g., complement each other).
Core Elements and Thoroughness
- Component is a part or element of a whole (e.g., key component).
- Comprehensive means thorough or including all aspects (e.g., comprehensive review).
Forming Ideas and Concepts
- Conceive means to formulate or devise a plan/idea.
- Concept is an abstract idea or general notion (e.g., core concept).
Behavior and Importance
- Conduct is manner or behavior in a specific context.
- Considerable means significant or notably large (e.g., considerable influence).
Restriction and Use
- Constrain means to restrict or limit (e.g., constrain development).
- Consume means to use up resources or energy.
Modernity and Change
- Contemporary means modern or existing at the same time.
- Convert means to transform or change form (e.g., convert currency).
Cooperation and Organization
- Cooperate means to work together.
- Coordinate means to organize different parts for efficiency.
Criteria and Cycles
- Criteria are standards used for judgment (e.g., selection criteria).
- Cycle means a regularly repeated sequence (e.g., life cycle).
Reasoning and Proof
- Deduce means to infer based on logic.
- Demonstrate means to prove or show evidence.
Extraction and Distinction
- Derive means to obtain from a source (e.g., derive benefit).
- Detect means to discover or identify the presence of something.
Differentiating and Decreasing
- Deviate means to diverge from the norm.
- Differentiate means to distinguish differences.
- Diminish means to decrease or make less.
Display and Uniqueness
- Display means to show or exhibit.
- Distinct means unique or recognizably different.
Domains and Control
- Domain refers to an area of knowledge or expertise.
- Dominate means to control or have commanding influence.
Time, Change, and Permission
- Duration is the length of time something lasts.
- Dynamic means characterized by constant change.
- Enable means to permit or make possible.
Encountering and Enforcing
- Encounter means to unexpectedly meet or face something.
- Enforce means to implement or compel compliance (e.g., enforce rules).
Improving and Arranging
- Enhance means to improve or intensify.
- Format means to arrange or organize according to rules.
Structure and Fundamentals
- Framework is a basic underlying structure.
- Fundamental means basic or central importance.
Belief Systems and Implementation
- Ideology is a system of ideas or beliefs.
- Implement means to put into effect.
Implicity and Indication
- Implicit means implied but not stated directly.
- Indicate means to show or point out.
Inducing and Inherence
- Induce means to cause or bring about.
- Inherent means intrinsic or built-in.
Restraining and Initiating
- Inhibit means to restrict or prevent.
- Initiate means to start or begin.
Necessity and Time Intervals
- Integral means essential or crucial.
- Interval is a period between two points/events.
Law, Isolation, and Maintenance
- Invoke means to call upon (law, authority).
- Isolate means to separate from others.
- Maintain means to keep or continue.
Processes, Observation, and Reciprocity
- Mechanism means a process by which something works.
- Monitor means to observe or check progress.
- Mutual means reciprocal or shared by both parties.
Ideas, Acquisition, and Occupation
- Notion means an idea or belief.
- Obtain means to acquire or gain.
- Occupy means to fill or reside in a space.
Balancing, Continuity, and Output
- Offset means to balance or counteract.
- Ongoing means continuous.
- Output means production or amount produced.
Limits and Occurrences
- Parameter is a limit or boundary for an experiment.
- Phenomenon is an observable event or occurrence.
Leading and Accuracy
- Precede means to come before.
- Precise means exact or accurate.
Dominance and Beginnings
- Predominant means dominant or most common.
- Preliminary means initial or coming before the main part.
Proportions and Quality
- Proportion means a part or fraction of a whole.
- Qualitative refers to descriptions based on quality.
Refinement and Relevance
- Refine means to improve or purify.
- Relevant means pertinent or applicable.
Resources and Restrictions
- Resource refers to assets or supplies.
- Restrict means to limit or control.
Rigidity, Scenarios, and Range
- Rigid means stiff or inflexible.
- Scenario means a possible situation or sequence of events.
- Scope means the range or extent of something.
Significance, Imitation, and Sufficiency
- Significant means noteworthy or important.
- Simulate means to imitate or replicate.
- Sufficient means adequate or enough.
Support, Transmission, and Experience
- Sustain means to support or keep going.
- Transmit means to send out or broadcast.
- Undergo means to experience, usually something challenging.
Usage, Well-being, and Extent
- Utilize means to use effectively.
- Welfare means well-being or health.
- Widespread means extensive or covering a large area.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Adapt — to change in response to new conditions.
- Allocate — to distribute resources for a purpose.
- Comprehensive — thorough, covering all aspects.
- Compile — to gather or collect information.
- Criteria — standards for judgment or decision-making.
- Deduce — to infer from evidence or reasoning.
- Demonstrate — to prove or show clearly.
- Dominate — to have control or a commanding influence.
- Duration — the length of time something lasts.
- Framework — underlying structure or system.
- Fundamental — essential or basic.
- Inherent — intrinsic, an essential characteristic.
- Mutual — reciprocal, shared by all parties.
- Parameter — a limit or boundary of a system.
- Phenomenon — an observable event or occurrence.
- Simulate — to imitate or replicate.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review each vocabulary word and its definition.
- Practice using each word in your own example sentences.
- Complete any assigned TOEFL practice questions or tests.
- Explore TST Prep for additional free TOEFL resources and practice.