let's start right away by looking at the first TOEFL reading vocabulary word and the correct answer is D modify and that's what AAP means it means to change to adjust oneself to different conditions or environments you might see this with collocations like adapt quickly adapt easily adapt to change and we see this a lot in biology when talking about animal adaptation so we have a lot more vocabulary words to look at and that's how this is going to work you're going to have a timer countdown and you're going to have to try to find the answer this is very similar to how it looks in the TOEFL reading questions so you'll have more time than this on test day I wanted to make the time short to give you a bit more of a challenge but feel free to pause the video anytime that you need a bit more time to try to find the answer but all of these words are very useful for the toll for reading because they are all academic vocabulary let's look at the next one so the correct answer here is C distribute so the word allocate means to distribute resources or duties for a particular purpose allocate resources allocate funds allocate time so this is very useful for marketing for business for yeah everyday life kind of stuff so we're going to do a lot more together I should just introduce myself really quickly I'm teacher Josh from TST prep and I've been doing this TOEFL prep stuff for a long time now and these words show up a lot in the TOEFL reading and besides that I don't want you to just study a list of words I want you to see how these words will help you on teste that's why we're going to look at some words and look at the words like the TOEFL reading these are just how the questions will look on test day let's take a look at the next one all right the correct answer is C evident so apparent means that something is clearly visible or understood or obvious and some common collocations apparent reason apparent effect apparent difference it looks like this is the difference so apparent is kind of like an adjective here to say this is what it looks like it's used in in all different types of topics so this is how it's going to work so I hope you're getting settled in and you're starting to get comfortable with the Rhythm if you want more tol practice not just vocabulary but hundreds of reading and listening questions and a free toel test you can make an account at TSD prep.com it's totally free I'll put a link in the description below to that so you can keep practicing even after this video let's look at the next one all right the answer is B method so it approaches in a way of dealing with a situation or problem you've probably heard of the scientific method before that's the way of doing science a way of doing experiments approach the problem approach carefully holistic approach so this is the way of conducting something your approach uh for example a holistic approach is popular in education to talk about ways of measuring students progress besides just a test right so sometimes test scores can be pretty frustrating and can make you feel really nervous so teachers will grade you on participation on projects on that kind of stuff so that is approach different ways of doing something next one correct answer is B logical so if something is coherent it makes sense it's consistent coherent argument coherent structure coherent policy uh sometimes I remember my uh University professors would say incoherence on my essays which means it didn't make sense it wasn't logical my body paragraphs were all over the place so that is coherent is something makes sense it's logical uh so it's like a fancy way of saying makes sense it's coherent next one so here the correct answer is C gather so compile means to assemble information collected from other sources so it's basically to kind of like get a bunch of different things and bring them together is to compile something compile data compile a report compile statistics so this is good when talking about the process that students use to uh get information about an essay or to perform experiments you have to compile data if you're reading something about researchers you might read about how they compiled information how they gathered and collected information next one here the correct answer is C enhance so this is a good example of how the TOEFL can be a bit tricky where you might know the word compliment oh you compliment somebody and say they look nice or that you like their haircut or something like that but you're not sure which of these words mean the same thing so C is the best answer enhance a thing that completes or brings to Perfection if something complement it makes it better but we can also use it in talking about art let's say the colors of that painting this color complements that other color very well it makes the other one look better it enhances common collocations include complement each other complement the flavor complement the design so talking about art talking about maybe culinary skills like food this wine complements this dish very well it makes it brings out the flavor makes it better next one here the correct answer is a element so it's a part or element of a larger hole is a component so it's a part of something and you could say a key component a major component component parts this shows up all over the place in all different topics it's a fancy way of saying part uh let's say for example a key component of doing experiment is to control variables you're trying to make sure that nothing interferes with your results that's a key component it's a it's a very important part so it's a fancy way of saying part component next one all right this is a word that you might see a bunch comprehensive but you're not really 100% certain what it means it means thorough so it means complete including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something so if something is comprehensive it means it includes pretty much everything comprehensive review comprehensive coverage comprehensive approach uh if you're doing a comprehensive survey of your school you don't just ask the students but you also ask the staff you ask the principles you ask the parent parents that is a comprehensive survey you ask all the stakeholders all the people involved in the school now if you're looking for a comprehensive approach to the TOEFL of getting your score as quickly and as easily as possible check out the emergency course uh for the TOEFL by TST prep the we have study plans for people if you're studying for two days one week two weeks or one month it's perfect for anybody who just needs their score as quickly and as easily as possible this includes not just a course but it also includes hundreds of practice questions it includes complete tests everything you need to get your score check it out if you just want to get you know all the information you need in one place to get the highest possible score in the quickest amount of time the emergency course is exactly what you're looking for and this offer is only for the YouTube audience so be sure to follow the link in the description to get that discount all right next one here the correct answer is C formulate so this is one of those words again conceive which you like know but can't really explain uh it means to form or devise a plan or idea in the mind so I hear it the most with this with this collocation you conceive a plan which means you make a plan uh conceive an idea conceive a notion you have an idea you have a plan conceive is like the first part uh I guess you would hear it a lot when talking about the history of science where you're reading about researchers and scientists who conceive an idea conceive a hypothesis and then do experiments to try to prove if that's true or not uh so that's conceive next one here the correct answer is D idea so concept is like a fancy way of saying idea for the most part uh an abstract idea a general notion yes so it's a bit more abstract as a concept idea notion Theory principle core concept basic concept when you're learning about any topic it'll say like a core concept of core concept of biology is evolutionary theory so that is a core concept an important idea so concept you think concept think the idea next one conduct is a is a way you behave so the manner in which a person behaves especially in a particular place or situation uh criminal conduct course of conduct you might hear it when somebody's giving you rules uh when you go start a new job they might have a course of conduct the way they expect you to behave this is how you should dress this is how you should speak uh this is how you should work this is your code of conduct or course of conduct and yeah it's a way of saying behave next one all right the correct answer is C significant so considerable is a very useful adjective means important basically uh here the definition says notably large in size amount or extent considerable amount considerable influence considerable interest this is a kind of fancy way of saying big or large a large amount a large or big influence a considerable interest so when you think of considerable think an adjective like big important next one all right here the correct answer is C restrict if you constrain you severely restrict the scope extent or activity of so you constrain growth you restrict it you constrain development constrain opportunities you make it you restrict it you limit it a parent who is very overbearing doesn't let their kids go outside makes their kids stay in their room all the time doesn't let them hang out with other kids they might be constraining their development restricting their development not giving them that freedom and opportunity uh the kid needs to develop so that is constrain next one all right the correct answer is B use and I love this word consume it's very useful it means to use up uh consume resources consume energy consume time I just think of it as eating just like Yum Yum Yum Yum Yum you consume something you eat it up uh if you consume resources that means that you take away the resources resources are things like uh food or energy or water uh those are resources maybe uh the animals in the area consumed all of the resources and there's nothing left to eat right so we can use it in a lot of different ways we can use consume in Environmental Studies and Science and biology uh consume we can use it in marketing and economics uh consumers people we are consumers the people who consume who use up who buy so lots of different good uses for consume next one all right you probably know this one contemporary means modern it means living or current at the same time so contemporary we usually think about it as modern as right now but it pretty much means at the same time you know if you were talking about the past and you was we were talking about um Ernest Hemingway who lived a hundred years ago a contemporary of er Ernest Hemingway was escot Fitzgerald they were contemporary so they were living at the same time uh but usually we think about it as modern right now you could think of a topic like contemporary dance that is a modern dance dance that we do right now contemporary there's contemporary issues so issues we have today contemporary Society contemporary Trends so these are it's usually used as an adjective to say that something is happening right now so before I get to the next one if you're finding these helpful please like And subscribe it really helps me grow and helps the students like you learn more about this test and learned about vocabulary so if you find it helpful give it a like And subscribe be great next one all right here the correct answer is a transform so if you convert you change the form or character of something you convert energy convert data convert currency and I think of it with currency the most in my everyday life is if I'm traveling I'm in Japan and I go to America I have to convert the money I have to change my money from Japanese yen to American dollars that is conversion convert you probably hear about this a lot in science when converting energy when changing energy from you're converting running water into energy that you can use to power your house that is converted energy all right so it's used in a lot of different ways very useful word especially in academic reading that you'll get on the tol convert next one next one is B collaborate so this is cooperate you work and you work together to work jointly towards the same end so of course I think you know cooperate I know cooperate I just had to read it to make it clear uh but you cooperate with cooperate in cooperate on so you work together with people so it can be used in a lot of different ways you might use it in sociology or anthropology to talk about different groups of people cooperating together working together for a common good or maybe two businesses cooperating together to help improve both their businesses yeah so it's cooperate next one here the correct answer is De organize so to coordinate bring the different elements of a complex activity or organization into a relationship that will ensure a efficiency or Harmony if you are coordinating you're organizing uh you coordinate efforts coordinate activities coordinate plans I'm just learning that coordinate is hard to say in some sports for example and I watch American football there is a coach called an offensive coordinator which means that their job is to organize the offense or defensive coordinator to organize the defense they say you're going to play here you're going to play here you're going to do this you're going to to do this that is they're organizing something they are coordinating something so it's good for coaches but on the tol uh you can hear about it when talking about politics or with contemporary issues like so if you have a big project in government when you want to build New Roads you there that's a lot of coordination that's a lot of organization you have to hire a lot of different types of people you have to uh plan you know long-term it requires a lot of coordination next one so the correct answer is C standard so criteria is one of those words you've probably heard before but can't really explain like you kind of get it but it's it's a little tricky at least for me uh and it's a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided some common collocations include meet criteria selection criteria eligibility criteria so that eligibility criteria is probably useful for you when you are thinking about college they say okay to get into the school our standards our criteria you need this SAT score you need this toal score you need these grades you need that's their criteria their standards even teachers have a grading criteria they say if you want to pass this class you have to get this grade and you have to do this and you have to do that so criteria next one here the correct answer is B sequence so a cycle so this is one of those that you probably knew what it meant but weren't sure like Which choice is the best this happens a lot in the TOEFL where that's why I'm giving it to you like a TOEFL uh situation because there's words that like you know what they mean but you have to choose between four choices and you don't really like any of the choices like I didn't like sequence so much but that's just the best choice out of all of them here so a cycle is a series of events that are regular regularly there's another hard word regularly repeated in the same order you can think about it like a loop a life cycle a business cycle a cycle of events I always think of the circle of life um it's called Circle but you could think about it as cycle of life too birth living and death that is the cycle okay goes in this order so that's the sequence I mean sequence is this is first this is second this is third so that is the cycle next one here the correct answer is D infer so if you deduce you arrive at a fact or a conclusion by reasoning you draw a logical conclusion so deduce is really good for academic English because you have to deduce a lot of things in a in Academia so not only do you have to you know basically make a logical conclusion based on experiments you also have to do that when you're studying history you don't know what happened in the past you have some resources that you're going to look at and then you have to make a guess you have to deduce you have to make a conclusion based on the information based on logic you deduce from deduce that deduce conclusions so in Academia we're doing this all of the time is that we're seeing information and it's not complete but it's what we have and we have to make good conclusions logical conclusions based on that information that is deduction that is when you deduce next one here the correct answer is a prove so to demonstrate something you clearly show the existence of a Truth by giving proof or evidence so you demonstrate Effectiveness demonstrate how demonstrate ability I always think of presentations as demonstrations let me show you I have to demonstrate here this is it this is my demonstration it's like a fancy way to say show and in academic English I would say that this shows up a lot in talking about the results of experiments and that's the sentence that they give is that the experiment aims to demonstrate the effect of reduced sunlight on plant growth so demonstrate next one all right here the correct answer is what is it B extract so if you derive something you obtain something from a specified Source you derive it derive from derive pleasure derive benefits so if you want to make some type of medicine a lot of times you have to get the ingredients from nature from different plants and so they are deriving the ingredients of new medication from Plants we can also use that that somebody deres inspiration from so when you see a piece of art when you hear a song and you think like I've heard this before this sounds a lot like somebody else right we could say that they are inspired by something or they derive the sound from somebody else okay so it's used in a lot of different ways but you could think about it basically as like you get from something else you derive you get it from something else another example just really quickly is that you could say that animals derive nutrients from so uh maybe this type of animal uh eats some types of plants and they derive energy from it so derive okay next one here the correct answer is B discover this is another one where like I don't really like any of the answers but discover is the best one uh detect it means to identify the presence I like that definition more than discover when you detect something you're like oh something's there I can feel it you that something's there I found it that is I guess it is discover um but that is identify the presence of I like a little bit more uh so that is detect and I always think of a detective so they are looking for Clues they are trying to discover Clues I guess discover is a good word but anyway so that is to find or notice or observe and common collocations is detect the presence detect changes detect signals and academic vocabulary we'll hear this a lot in science and in astronomy in detecting things in the universe you find something discover something new always finding new things when looking in the Stars we detect new things all the time now before I go on make sure if you're finding this practice helpful we have hundreds of additional free TOEFL practice questions not just vocabulary but a bunch of different ones all the types that you'll see on test day for the reading and listening and also complete practice test all for free follow Link in the description below you can make an account there let's go to the next one all right here the correct answer is C diverge so if you deviate you depart from an established course or Norm deviate means to go away from what's normal deviate from deviate significantly a good example might be when you are doing research and you expect to see something and then you see something different you know that deviates from the norm it's something different than what you expected next one so to differentiate the correct answer is C distinguish it's to recognize or ascertain what makes something different so it's a basically a fancy way of saying make something different differentiate so you could think of that uh if something is different you can differentiate from if you want to differentiate from somebody you have to change yourself so I hear that phrase a lot differentiate from differentiate between differentiate based on so I have a friend and he's a twin they both look exactly alike and when they were kids they dressed alike they looked alike people could not tell them apart but as they got older they wanted to differentiate from each other they wanted to look different from each other so one started growing his hair longer another started to shave his head one started wearing uh Hawaiian shirts all the time and another started wearing suits so they they started to differentiate they try to uh show difference in some way and it's used all over the place in different academic topics really useful word and you could just think of the root word different make something different differentiate next one correct answer is a to decrease so you make something less you make it smaller that is to diminish you reduce decrease diminish capacity diminish value diminish importance so I like the phrase diminish value that is used pretty often in marketing and business when something is just becoming less and less and less valuable maybe a company Maybe your product it's diminishing in value it's becoming less and less and less and less uh I heard a good example when they were talking about a man was talking about his job where he made horse saddles so this is way in the past and somebody said well that's a job you'll have forever everyone always needs a horse saddle right a seat for a horse uh but the value of that diminished greatly as more people bought bought cars right so that is diminished to make less and less and less decrease next one all right display means be to show you make a prominent exhibition of something in a place where it can easily be seen so display I think you probably know this display information display artifacts display exhibit so a museum displays certain artifacts it shows certain artifacts your school might have a display case with trophies and awards at your school that is something that they're going to display that they're going to show so it's a fancy way of saying show when you display something in a large area next one correct answer is C unique distinct is unique recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type we like to say that people are unique everyone's different everybody is distinct unique is a good synonym that something is distinct it's clear it's separate it's unmistakable distinct features distinct categories distinct differences I think of a peacock this type of bird it has a very distinct look it has these beautiful feathers and that you know have many colors it's very distinct animal very clear so it's a good adjective to use in academic vocabulary it's used in all different types of topics to say that something is unique next one all right here the correct answer is C specialty so domain is one of those words that is like maybe you've heard but it's kind of hard to uh Define but in Academia in college it's a specified sphere of activity or knowledge so a domain of experience or a domain area so for example if you are studying ancient Egyptian history that is your domain astrophysics is not part of your domain you know that that's that's not your area of expertise so that is domain what area of expertise you have you could think of it as a fancy way of saying field or area your field of study is your domain next one all right to control B dominates like this word dominate have a commanding influence on exercise control over you might have heard this word before I hear it in sports a lot like one team dominates the other team like they just totally win uh but you can dominate the market the stock market um Apple dominates the cell phone market because they sell more iPhones way more than any other uh company dominate a sport dominate the conversation one animal might dominate a bunch of other animals if you're talking about um Environmental Studies or biology dominate next one all right here the correct answer is a length so duration the time between which something continues so it's like length time period uh duration of time time duration of the contract duration of the effect let me talk about duration of the effect so let's say for example you have to take some medication there might be some side effects they might tell you you might feel this way for a few hours that's the duration of the effect that's how long it might take so duration is how long something will take uh you hear it a lot in a lot of different academic topics it's basically saying like how long something's going to last maybe in history talking about the duration of a leader or of a um certain war or event but for the most part it's used all over the place duration length of time next one all right if something is dynamic it's changing so this one of those words you probably hear a lot and you kind of understand but don't can't really articulate so let's let's say it right now let's articulate it together it's characterized by constant change activity or progress so that is uh Dynamic something is changing a lot if something is stable it's not Dynamic I could think of a dynamic environment like the Modern Age right now it's constantly changing there's always new websites new technologies new ideas there's trends that change new fashions this is a dynamic environment this is very different than maybe Europe in the 1500s you know 500 years ago where it was a much more static environment it didn't change very much everyone kind of agreed that this was the way life is this is what you wear this is how you act it was more stable not as Dynamic uh there are Dynamic relationships Dynamic economy there's a lot of different ways of using Dynamic it's very useful use all over the place in Academia not stable it's constantly changing it's Dynamic next one all right here the correct answer is D permit so enable is to give someone or something The Authority or means to do something so somebody lets you do something something they enable you so enable access they give you access enable users they let users do something enable features they open up features so it's like opening you could think of it as like opening a door is enabling and these examples here are used a lot in like uh computer science and software and everyday life like pay this money you'll be able to enable the features of this app you could think about it like that because you know you have an app and you have ads and there's a lot of things that you don't like and so you can buy it and then you can enable features you can get permission for a lot of features on the TOEFL you might see it with topics about modern technology and they might talk about ways that they enable people to do things uh YouTube enables people from all over the world to gain access to education in the past if you wanted to learn about the tol you had to either buy a book or to a class in your community now you can do a Google search you could find somebody like me and that has enabled you to get better prepared for this test so that's a that's an example all right next one all right here the correct answer is C meet so encounter is like a fancy way of saying that you meet somebody the definition is an unexpectedly experienced or to be faced with something difficult or hostile um encounter problems encounter resistance encounter opportunities so you meet problems you face problems you encounter them and so this will be used a lot when talking about Animal Behavior Uh animals will encounter a lot of different issues maybe they'll they'll be hunted maybe they can't find food maybe they have to start a family they are encountering they are facing uh a lot of different challenges so that is encounter you experience something you face something you encounter it use a lot in academic English next one all right here the correct answer is B Implement so you enforce something you compel observance of or compliance with a law or rule so you enforce the law enforce rules enforce standards I think about this word a lot with like police where they have to enforce so there there's a new rule or new law from the government and it it's the police's job to enforce to make you do it we can think about it also in class so let's say for example your teacher has a rule rule that you have to raise your hand before you answer a question now some teachers enforce this rule very strictly you can't speak unless you raise your hand some teachers you can just speak and they'll call on you anyway uh so they don't enforce it very well but that's enforce is to make somebody do something you know usually a rule or a law next one if you enhance something you a improve it so intensify increase or further improve the quality value or extent of so enhance performance enhance quality enhance capabilities I'm sure you hear this a lot nowadays in modern technology they're always trying to enhance the experience of a camera or a computer or a app they are enhancing things so you'll see it if when talking about modern technology and maybe talking about you know is social media positive or negative thing and talk about some ways that it has enhanced your life enhanced next one all right all right so this is B arrange so this is one of those words that you probably hear a lot format B arrange is the best answer so arrange or put into a format format a document format data or format a disc so I think you'll think about this a lot with something like Microsoft Word or an essay that you have to write for school your teacher might say okay you have to format it this way your essay here's the format use this font make it this size make sure you double space make sure you have page numbers this is the format this is the way that you're going to arrange this is the way that you these are the rules that you have to follow this is the format next one here the CR answer is C system so it's a basic structure underlining a system is a framework so you think about it as a structure but like the base of the structure and it's used a lot for um things that are not physical so not really like a building but more like a country's rules is the framework or a business's uh rules that is their framework their regulatory framework conceptual framework policy framework it's kind of like the basic structure the basic structure of the business the basic structure of the country I hear about this a lot in government and politics and you could think about it like uh the framework for the United States starts with the Constitution that is their document that's a framework for the way the government operates all right so you'll hear it a lot when talking about business or government is framework next one all right here the correct answer is C Basics forming a necessary base or core the central importance I think that's a good phrase Central importance is fundamental it's very important fundamental principle fundamental rights fundamental changes you know fundamental principles of experimentation is that you have to control variables you have to make a hypothesis that's some of the fundamental principles or some uh fundamental ideas of anthropology is that you should try to not use your own cultural background to make judgments on other people that is a fundamental principle of anthropology so it's it's like basic you know it's one of the most important things to consider is fundamental you might also hear the phrase fundamental rights uh we hear about that a lot in America where you know you have the right to free speech uh carrying a gun is something that comes up a lot that's a fundamental right a basic right and so yeah hopefully you know that fundamental next one this word the correct answer is D belief I actually don't think you're going to see it on test day I just hear it a lot on the news so I thought it might be helpful to include here it's a system of ideas and ideals especially one which forms the basis of economic or political Theory political ideology ideological differences adop an ideology the best example that I could think of is thinking about communist government is a communist ideology a way of thinking about government and a capitalist ideology a way of thinking about government so that is a system of ideas all right but I don't want to spend too much time on that you probably don't need it for the TOEFL but I thought it was a useful academic vocabulary word to know next one all right here the correct answer is a enforc just like we saw before right so you you heard the word enforce and it's similar to meaning Implement I gave the example of enfor en forcing rules in class that a teacher does you know raising your hand they Implement a rule could say that as well so it's put a decision into effect you implement a plan Implement changes and Implement policy that is to start something uh Implement a plan is is a good example that you start a plan you start something that you've been planning for a while all right similar to enforce next one all right if something is implicit I like this word it's not stated unstated a so it's implied not plainly expressed implicit understanding implicit agreement implicit trust the opposite of this is explicit to say directly so implicit let me give you an examp example of something that's not implicit that's explicit if my mother says go clean your room that is explicit it's very clear go clean your room uh that's what she wants me to do implicit would be something like you know Josh your friends are going to come over today in your room she's implicitly not saying it directly she's saying go clean your room but not saying it directly that is implicit you would hear about it a lot in implicit understanding that would be something in business and politics and government if is maybe two countries they don't have an official agreement but they kind of understand okay you don't do this and I won't do this that is implicit next one here the correct answer is B show so to indicate to point out to show something is indicate is like you're saying look here it is look at this look at this look at this that's indicate you're basically sh hey look at that that's indicate you can indicate problems that somebody says hey this is an issue this is a problem you might hear about this in history a lot somebody's pointing out a problem indicate changes indicate a Direction so yeah you're showing something you're say you're saying hey look at this you're pointing it out you're indicating next one all right the correct answer is D cause so this I hear a lot in medical text so to induce something uh induce labor induce vomiting induce effects which means to bring about or give rise to so induced labor is when uh somebody is pregnant and they are you know they're having contractions they are ready to have the baby but it's taking a long time it's taking too many hours and it's starting to get dangerous for the mother so they might induce labor they might find a way to start the labor to start getting the baby out of there so that that is to induce to make something start and you'll hear it a lot in medical uh vocabulary I hear it pretty often next one all right here the correct answer is C intrinsic so inherent is existing in something as a permanent essential characteristic or attribute so it's intrinsic it's fundamental it's builtin I like this phrase builtin it's something you can't get it out if something is inherent you can't get it out inherent risk inherent qualities inherent characteristics so for example I like the phrase inherent risk you know if you want to start your own business there is an inherent risk you could lose all your money uh you could your business could go bankrupt that's part of making a business you can't take it out it's inherent it's inside of there talking about zoology like animals so lions hunt and eat other animals that's an inherent quality of lions you can't take it out of lions it's just kind of built in there it's inherent so you'll see it a lot of different ways but those are a few examples next one so if you inhibit you see restrict you make something less You Hinder restrain or prevent something inhibit growth inhibit activity inhibit development let's say for example when talking about environmental issues and there is too much you know carbon dioxide going into the atmosphere from Cars lawmakers might try to inhibit the amount of carbon dioxide by making new rules and laws that is a inhibition so I hear this a lot with environmental issues when trying to make them a bit more manageable they will try to inhibit certain polluters things that make more pollution so that is inhibit next one initiate is to start I like this word uh you cause something to begin it's pretty simple you just start something it's just a fancy way to say start so you can uh initiate a project you start a project initiate changes you start changes initiate a discussion I would say initiate a discussion is a good example of like let's say politics when talking about two different countries they're going to try to solve an issue they're going to initiate discussions they're going to start discussions or um initiate changes you try to start changes and some way okay so that's initiate next one so if something is integral it is B essential you need it it's necessary it's crucial an integral part an integral role so something is so important it's essential you need it it's integral comes up a lot in a lot of different academic topics and it also comes up in the TOEFL which is why it is essential it's integral that you check out TSD prep.com to prepare for the TOEFL you can I get hundreds of free practice questions free practice tests all for just making account at TSD prep.com I'll put a link in the description to that essential essential integral resource so the next next one the correct answer is D period so interval it's a space between two things so it comes up a lot uh time interval interval of time interval between interval training I actually hear a lot about interval training with you know if you're doing like trying to build muscles or trying to get in shape exercise for 60 seconds and then rest for 30 seconds and then exercise for another 60 seconds those are interval training length of time intervals when talking about history they'll talk about the interval between when this ended and when this started there is a large interval between the end of the Roman Empire and the start of the Renaissance the interval of time next one all right here the correct answer is D inact if you invoke something you call on it on a law or a right or a deity a god or goddess for help as an authority invoke a law invoke a policy invoke Authority so you might say for example if there is a time of crisis uh you know one thing that came up uh in the last couple years was covid and that they invoked new laws and new rules and new restrictions uh they said okay this is going to be a law you can't leave your house or you're going to get arrested that they invoke a law it's when it's a law and you have some power to do it so this will come up mostly in government stuff when talking about contemporary issues uh religion doesn't come up on TOEFL so yeah just mostly government stuff is invoke next one all right this is a good word to learn isolate is be separate cause a person to be or remain alone or apart from others some synonyms are separate or segregate isolate variables isolate issues isolate patients let's talk about patience so that's another good example from Co if somebody you know or just any illness that can spread you know if there's somebody that can give their sickness to somebody else you want to isolate that patient you want to put them in a corner somewhere away from everybody else you want to separate them you want to isolate them isolate variables that's something you want to do in experiment so there's a lot of different useful ways of using isolate but it's basically to try to make something separate next one all right the correct answer is a uphold this is one of those words maintain that you know and you're like I don't know is it A B C or D I don't I guess a is the best answer yeah that and that's you're right so maintain is to cause or enable something to continue yeah it's basically something is staying it's maintaining we can use it with you maintain stability of something so if you want to try to keep a good relationship you might have to make sacrifices you might have to have difficult conversations that is trying to maintain to keep the relationship for as long as possible in academic vocabulary it might be talking about maintaining the situation between two countries it could be maintaining the stability of an environment I hear a lot about invasive species that's when a species comes from outside that messes up the stability the stability of the environment is no longer maintained so it's use a lot of different ways but it's to keep things stable and reliable next one all right this is one of those words that you know but you're not sure which one it's C process is the best answer you know mechanism I would have a hard time defining it if I didn't have the definition written right here a natural or established process by which something takes place or is brought about so it's a process you could think about a defense mechanism this is probably the best example animals have certain ways of protect protecting themselves these are their defense mechanisms a skunk has very stinky water that it sprays out you know that is their defense mechanism uh a porcupine has all these spikes on his back that is his defense mechanism so that is his process or way that something comes about is a mechanism all right next one so if you monitor Something You observe it D so to observe and check the progress or quality of something so yeah you're observing you're checking you're monitoring uh you monitor the progress you monitor performance monitor conditions so you might hear this when reading about researchers they're they're checking their experiment experiment they're checking the process they are monitoring they're looking at it they're checking it when you're taking a test and you are you maybe looking at you know your friend or something uh your teacher might be angry I guess they're monitoring you they're checking you during the test so yeah that's monitor next one all right if something is mutual it is C reciprocal the definition is of a feeling or action experienced or done by each of two or more parties towards the other or others the famous phrase I have in my mind is that you scratch my back I'll scratch your back that's Mutual that's reciprocal mutual respect mutual agreement mutual interest so we we have the same things you do this and I'll do this it's mutual reciprocal we'll do things back even there's even a phenomena called mutualism which is when two species help each other in some way I I don't know an example at the top of my head but for example a smaller fish will latch onto a shark and the shark will let the fish stay there because the fish helps the shark in some way that's mutualism helps each other out reciprocal next one all right here the correct answer is a idea there's even a famous website called notion now which is a conception or belief about something notion of popular notion General notion it's basically a way of saying an idea or a belief is a notion something you think something you feel the the sentence they give the researcher dismiss the notion that cold weather alone could cause the common cold so somebody says that's I don't like that idea that's not a good idea so when reading about somebody's ideas or somebody's complaints they might talk about these Notions so that's when it could come up so there's a lot of different ways but maybe talking about the history of science is when it would come up most often this word notion next one all right here the correct answer is C acquire and the word is obtain which means to get acquire or secure something so it's a fancy way of saying getting for the most part you obtain approval you you get approval you obtain information get information obtain results get results so obtain could be used in uh business for example obtain approval is you get approval for something for business or in government and politics and it could also be used to talk about obtain information so getting research or finding data obtaining getting something next one all right here the correct answer is B Phil occupy reside or have one's place of a business in a building so I think we think about it a lot with occupy with in an actual physical location like I'm occupying this room right now I'm in this room right now I sometimes we say like if you're wanting to go to the bathroom it might say occupied somebody's inside there uh but it can also mean have a position something more Not So Physical but more abstract so for example a position at work is I want to be the boss but the position is currently occupied somebody else is the boss right now so that is means it's filled it's already uh being used by somebody else it's occupied we can talk about this with zoology talking about environments that are already occupied a lot of different ways to use this but anyway yeah so there's something there already or there's some person there already it's occupied next one this one is a little tricky the correct answer is D balance like when I hear the word offset I don't don't think balance immediately but that pretty much is what it means for the most part is that you counteract something by having an equal or opposite Force so offset so for example if you are um you have a business and you just lost a lot of money you might try to offset that by firing some people by letting go of some people so you want to try to make that even again you want to balance it again that's Offset you might offset so that's offset costs right that that expression offset emissions so we hear about this in environmental issues there's more carbon going into the air from Cars so maybe we can try to plant more trees to offset those uh negative emissions with more positive emissions offset impact so that that's Offset you want to try to make something balanced I think those are two good examples too in environment or in business next one all right the answer is C continuous the word is ongoing it means it keeps going it hasn't reached its end and so it's an ongoing process ongoing study ongoing support I think this is pretty simple that it's just continuous it just keeps going and I'm going to keep going right now but before I do make sure you like or subscribe if you're this far into the video I believe that you're finding it helpful and I would appreciate your support by liking or subscribing but let's keep going in this ongoing video of to for reading vocabulary next one all right output is B production and you probably hear about this in manufacturing output of something how much something is made by a factory uh the amount of something produced by a person machine or industry increase output you want to make more things you want to Output more it's used in industry a lot because output is when you are what you are producing what you are making so it makes sense for it to be so common in manufacturing so that is output next one all right here's a useful word for when you're doing research it's the limit a so a parameter is a numerical or other measurable Factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation common collocations are set parameters within parameters outside parameters I would think about this in terms of an experiment so if you're going to set parameters let's say you're going to do an experiment something about your school you're going to say okay we're not going to interview the teachers we're not going to interview the staff we're not going to interview parents uh who we're going to only interview students and we're only going to interview uh students that are in junior high school and they are studying math 2 okay I of whatever class so you are setting the parameters to Junior High Level math 2 students those are the parameters of your experiment so that's the limit that's the boundary those are the parameters so hopefully that makes it a little bit clearer next one all right I love this word the answer is C occurrence not that word phenomenon I I think it's very interesting pronunciation I like the uh the when you say a phenomena with an a at the end and so so what is phenomenon so it's a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen especially one whose cause or explanation is in question so that in question what does that mean in question that means that they're not sure what it means where it comes from a good example is anything involving aliens if you see you know a red light in the sky and it's unusual they don't know what it is it's some phenomenon and so they can't explain this phenomenon here this red light in the sky but we could also use it to explain things we do understand you could explain lightning for example lightning is a natural phenomenon there's also besides weather we could talk about social phenomenons things that occur that happen in society and that are very popular maybe 10 years ago now there was a song called Gangnam Style and that was a social phenomenon just everybody knew the song people did the dance and now I'm doing it in my head right now uh that is a social phenomenon a social occurrence something that happened phenomenon next one the next one proceed is C lead yeah this one is a little tricky because a b c and d it's none of them are great answers but it basically means to come before you can look at the prefix pre which means before uh and so precede means to come before precede by precede the event preced the introduction and then to go before it we would use this a lot with talking about history this King was preceded by another king so another king came before this King but we can also use it by talking about the history of the earth like geology you know this event was preceded by this event talking about the Ice Age maybe or talking about different geological ages preceded by so we it can come up in a lot of ways but especially when talking about the his of events preceded by next one all right here the correct answer is B accurate so precise I always think of this hand gesture here like precise just right here I wink my eye and I put my fingers together precise or I think of maybe somebody who does archery they have to be precise or they practice shooting you have to be accurate you're marked by exactness and accuracy of expression precise measurements precise language precise terms I just I just do this when I say precise so precise means that you're going to use it as an adjective to emphasize that something is exactly right it's important it's useful it's accurate it's precise so accurate is the right synonym there precise Next One D is the correct answer dominant so pre-dominant and then you see the word dominant you're like that can't be right it's too much like the word so the toel does try to trick you sometimes they might give you something tricky like this so just be aware of that um but yeah it means dominant and we I believe we talked about that word already so it's the strongest element of something uh that a team dominated another team we talked about that is the verb form but here predominant is more of an adjective yeah predominant feature is more common I would say as an adjective than dominant feature I think you know what it means dominant is pretty important the most important thing strongest elements next one our preliminary is initial so we have that prefix pre usually means before right so proceeding or done in preparation for something Fuller preliminary findings that means that the first findings so when you start a new research project usually it takes a long time there's a lot of things you have to do research on you might do some preliminary research first some basic research first before you go into the more comprehensive the more in-depth research so that is preliminary it's the kind of start the preceding uh element of something next one all right here the correct answer is C fraction so proportion is a part share or number considered in comparative relation to a whole so basically what that means is part so it's a part of something is a proportion I if I have a pizza right there's I'm going to take one slice that that's one proportion one slice one part of the pizza so you can get a large proportion I'm going to take six slices I proportion of in proportion to so that phrase in proportion to is comparing sizes so for example my salary is large in proportion to my neighbors it's maybe large compared to my neighbors but it's not large when compared to uh people in the city but so basically just think of proportion as a size as a set size of something and it's a part of something it's a proportion next one all right super useful word qualitative which means descriptive relating to measuring or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity so I didn't include quantity here because I figured I'd talk about it with this one qualitative research qualitative data qualitative analysis that's where you'll hear this the most talking about data so usually we use qualitative with quantitative so quantitative means quantity how much of something like so quantitative data is more about having a large amount of data and qualitative data is more about focusing on on the quality of the data having good quality next one so refine has two meanings the one way is to think about it as purify and that's to remove impurities or unwanted elements that's part of a process so for example refined oil so when you get oil from the ground and it's not really ready to be used in a car yet you need to refine it you have to clean it up but you can also say it to refine techniques or refine methods so you can use it for yourself when you're trying to get better at something so for example uh if I start making YouTube videos maybe the camera quality isn't good the video is not great the audio doesn't sound good uh it's not that interesting I you know speak too long maybe right now I think I'm speaking too long but I need to refine my process so I slowly get better I get new lights I get better cameras I know more about editing I'm refining getting slowly better and better so you'll hear that a lot about uh experiments and researchers refining making something better and better making it pure not pure but just making something a better process they are refining it improving next one all right here the correct answer is D pertinent if something is pertinent it's relevant closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered so relevant information relevant details relevant data so it is pertinent so maybe the the word pertinent is not a great synonym applicable germine appropriate I think appropriate is probably the best synonym here basically if something is relevant means that you should know about it for example if you're taking the TOEFL you probably don't need to learn about the ielt it's not relevant for you it doesn't really apply to your situation but if you're trying to decide do I want Isles do I want tofl then it's relevant then it app to your situation so that's relevant it's pertinent it applies to you it's helpful to know next one all right here the correct answer is D asset so a resource is a stock or supply of money materials staff or or other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively so we could think about it like this like business as a resource so businesses have money they have staff they have buildings they have equipment that's a business's resource but we could also think of natural resources that we have in our environment maybe we have certain trees so we have wood we have certain Farmland that we can use to grow Pro crops so can use those resources natural resources to benefit our lives in some way or there's oil and we can use that to sell to other countries there's human resources this is also in organizations they help pay people give people money and also help settle issues between staff Resource Management this is managing how the resources get distributed so resources are anything that we can use can be used in business can be used in environment can be used in politics can be used in biology can be used in environmental science tons of ways resources really useful word next one all right the correct answer here is a limit to restrict something you put a limit on it uh restrict access restrict movement restrict growth and I I think of Co again there was a lot of limits to what we could do you couldn't go to your job they shut down jobs and you know traveling on public transportation there was a lot of limitations maybe I have some restrictions for my children they can't uh you know stay up after 10 p.m. or they can't play video games for more than an hour or two a day those are some restrictions I restrict what they can do so it's usually somebody with more Authority putting limits on something that you can do that is a restriction you put a limit on it restrict but one restriction you won't have is if you visit TSD prep.com and you make a free account to get access to hundreds of free practice questions and a free toal test check that out TSD prep.com I'll put a link in the description if you want more practice so hopefully you're finding this helpful I assume you are if you're still here this is super long video uh but we only have about 10 more left 11 or 12 more left so let's keep going almost done next one here the correct answer is C stiff so if you are rigid it's unable to bend or be forced out of shape rigid structure rigid rules rigid frame yes so it's a way of saying that something is hard to change uh you could say that any organization a school a company a business a uh even a society might be rigid might be strict next one okay so the next one scenario is D situation so the definition of scenario is a postulated sequence or development of events it's kind of hard uh basically it's a situation so a possible scenario worst case scenario scenario planning I like the phrase worst case scenario I think that's pretty useful it's when you imagine what's the worst that could possibly happen so you're imagining a situation in the future so worst case scenario you have to do that a lot as a politician or as a business owner or I mean as a human really you have to think like what's the worst that can happen what's the worst possible situation so that's a scenario and let's go to the next one here the correct answer is a range so scope the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant so it's kind of similar to a word we talked about parameters where parameters were the kind of limit of what you were going to do and inside that limit is the scope uh how far it stretches the scope of research so if you remember in the in the last example we talked about parameters of an experiment we're going to do an experiment in school we're going to take a survey but we're going to set parameters and we're going to find out what's the scope inside those parameters so let's set the parameters we're not going to ask teachers and staff we're only going to ask students but we're only going to ask Junior High School students and we're only going to ask Junior High School students who are taking math 2 those are the parameters and inside that that's the scope of the res research the scope of the research is the math to Junior High School students that's the scope uh so it's within the scope if we want to expand the scope maybe we'll ask all Junior High School students okay so that's expanding it and and changing the parameters all right so that's scope next one right I think you know this one I just it's so useful because it comes up so much significant is notable sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention noteworthy significant impact significant difference significant increase so a noticeable increase an important increase just think of it as like big big increase big impact big difference significant next one so here the correct answer is D imitate so to simulate something is to imitate the appearance you mimic you replicate it simulate conditions simulate environment simulate Behavior I think of this smaller word s there was a famous game called The Sims which was a computer game which was a simulation of everyday life that we experience you played as a character that lived in a house in the suburbs and had a family and had neighbors had a pet and had a job it was The Sims it was a simulation of everyday life if you are training to be a pilot you're not going to train in a plane at first the consequences are too great if you mess up you die so you don't want to start with a plane you want to start with a simulation of a plane so you get into a simulator and you practice flying that way so this is to simulate is to imitate the conditions next one here the correct answer is a adequate if something is sufficient it's enough it's adequate sufficient funds you have enough money sufficient time you have enough time or sufficient resources you have enough resources so it's a useful word that's used as a phrase uh you can think about it in finance you could think about it in everyday life you could think about it in anthropology the opposite of this is also very useful is insufficient they might say that this community has an insufficient ENT amount of resources not enough resources to survive it's not sufficient it's insufficient next one here the correct answer is B support is to strengthen or support physically or mentally you can sustain growth sustain pressure or sustain interest I hear about sustain interest a lot for for uh YouTube because I need to work on making sure that people are interested so I need to change the camera angle have some graphics to sustain interest I don't think I do a good job of it but if you're here that's great um sustained growth is that you support growth you keep growth this is used a lot for economics countries like America and capitalist system you have to keep growing you have to keep making more money you have to sustain it you have to support it that's sustained growth all right so sustained next one here the correct answer is B Broad so broadcast or send out it can be used in a lot of different ways everyday life we think of transmit as talking about like transmitting a signal like a radio signal or a TV signal from one place to another place so we definitely use transmit that way but it can also be used when talking about medical issues we always hear about transmitting diseases diseases that go from one person to another person that is transmit you can also transmit data sending data from me to you I'm going to transmit it uh transmit information transmit disease so a bunch of different fields a little bit of a different meaning but pretty but always the same that it's going from one place to another place transmit next one all right if you undergo something you experience it it's an experience or to be subjected to and it's usually unpleasant or painful is to undergo something undergo surgery undergo training undergo changes so these are experiences that you probably don't want and again this is something I hear with medical terminology a lot undergo surgery is a great example that comes up very often undergo changes might be you know something in a business where it's an uncomfortable change in the environment and change in society or undergo training maybe you have to train to be in the Army and you have to do this you know uncomfortable experience of undergoing training next one all right if you utilize something be employe it's basically a fancy way of saying use something or make something useful so you make it practical or effective to use utilize resources utilize technology utilize data so for example if you have a lot of information on your computer but it's just sitting there you never use your computer all you do is surf the internet you're not really utilizing the power you're not using the power of your computer and the data you have so maybe you want to utilize that that power that you have and you want to make use of it used in a lot of different ways it can be used in computer technology uh could be used to talk about public uh environment stuff you know utilizing resources tons of different ways you can use this next one all right here the correct answer is C well-being so welfare is the health happiness and fortunes of a person or group I always think about social welfare where there are government programs to give some people who are struggling some money for food and some basic necessities uh it can also be used for the welfare of a group of people you know uh that they are in a positive situation or if you want to care about the welfare of a species maybe there's a species that's becoming extinct and you care about their welfare their well-being so you care about the welfare of those animals or for that group or for that species so yeah it's like a way of saying wellbeing and it'll come up in public policy or in talking about environmental issues is welfare next one all right last one widespread is C extensive found or distributed over a large number of people it's widespread widespread use widespread support widespread interest used all over the place but you might hear about it in politics when there's a famous politician and they have widespread support a lot of people like them or there's a technology that everybody uses it has widespread use so that's widespread and that is the end congratulations there are a million other things you could be doing besides trying to improve your vocabulary for the reading thank you for being here I hope you found this helpful and yeah this was a long one for me too I noticed my lights went out in the back but we just powered through it and so thank you for being here uh be sure to like And subscribe and if you're crazy enough to try more practice check out this video here and I'll see you in the next one