Aran biology and Medicine videos please make sure to subscribe join the Forman group for the latest videos please visit Facebook arand please like and here you can also ask questions answer questions and post some interesting things including your artworks and you can also change the quality settings to the highest one for better graphics in this video we're going to look at livers the liver anat anatomy and its blood supply the liver is the largest internal organ in our body it lies in close proximity to other organs such as the gal letter which is under it and the stomach which is to the left of it the liver is about 1.2 to 1.6 kilg in healthy adults it is located in the right side of the body under the lower ribs the liver can be seen as though it's made out of two major loes but it's actually four loes of unequal size now the organs that are in close proximity to the liver is a galbladder which actually connects with the liver the B duct comes from the liver and the galbladder and the cystic duct coming from the liver and these are important in the bile system which we'll look into later on the liver actually has a lot of blood supply in order to be oxygenated and in order to receive nutrients so two important things oxygen and nutrients so if we look at the liver's blood supply here we have um the archery the aorta coming from the heart which brings oxygenated blood into tissues body tissues so here there's just capillaries of General circulations where the where the tissues will then use up the oxygen and now this blood supply will be deoxygenated it'll be low in oxygen concentration and this deoxygenated blood supply will go back to the heart through the inferior vinaa now organs found on the bottom um on the bottom half of our body are the liver stomach spleen and also intestines the aorta coming from the heart gives oxygenated blood to all these organs the liver stomach and the intestines the artery going into the liver is known as a hepatic artery and this gives the liver oxygenated blood it gives the liver oxygen to function the artery giving oxygen to intestines is known as the misic artery and we won't really focus on this now what's important to know is that the once the spleen stomach and intestine has used the oxygen from the blood supply the blood supply will be deoxygenated and this de oxygenated blood supply will be veins and actually this vein will not go back to the hot but will go towards the liver as a big vein known as the portal vein and these veins carry nutrients from the stomach split and the intestines and that is how the liver receives nutrients so we see that we have the hepatic artery and we have the portal vein bringing in one of them bringing in oxygen and the other bringing in nutrients and then the liver once it's used all these oxygen and nutrients it will there there will be another vein leaving the liver known as the hepatic vein which connects to the inferior venina CA which then goes back to the heart so let's look at this diagram in a bit more complex detail by looking specifically at the liver so here we have the liver the aorta brings in oxygenated blood to the liver through the right left and right hepatic artery so again this is oxygen-rich blood from the heart and this actually only supplies about 25% of the blood supply to the liver and then we have the vein leaving the um the liver towards the heart and this is the right hepatic vein left middle hepatic vein and the left hepatic vein which connects to the inferior vena which then goes back to the H and then we have the portal vein which brings in nutrients and this blood and this comes from the intestines and this is about 75% of the blood supply going to the liver so it's much more than the oxygen supply from the hepatic artery so again the portal vein brings in nutrients from the intestine Spain in the stomach and then remember we also have the galbladder here which connects to the liver um and this stores bile for secretion and we have many bile ducts within within the liver because of this connection now let's have a look at how the hepatic cells are organized within the liver and how the the the blood supply with oxygen coming in the portal vein with nutrients coming in and the hepatic vein leaving the liver All Connect together and coincide within this organized structure well the liver is organized in a hexagonal sort of shape known as a lob like so each lobu here contains many types of hepatic cells liver cells in the center of the lobu we have the central vein which essentially connects to the hepatic vein which leaves the liver towards the heart and all these blue things coming out of the hepatic vein is a liver cids and they they run from the central vein into the portal Triads so they connect with the portal Triads what is the portal Triads well the portal Triads consist of three things the portal vein the bile duct and the hepatic archery and so all these veins connect with each other and all of them all these three connect with the central vein and this is how the liver receives its oxygen receives its nutrients and how it sends out bile from the liver into the bile duct so again this is known as the Triad hope this all Mak sense now it's also important to know that the the liver contains special macrofagos hepatic macres known as coup fer cells I hope I pronounced that right let's have a look at this section here and look at the organization in a lot in a better diagram so here what I'm drawing is the hepatic vein essentially the central vein and here we have the cids which remember connects to the portal Triads and the portal Triads here are the bile duct a branch of the hepatic portal vein and the branch of a hepatic artery so B duct portal vein hepatic artery and surrounding all the cids and all just everywhere are the hepatic cells known as hepatocytes and so whatever comes through the portal vein and from the hepatic artery can be given into these hepatocytes and then will be emptied out into the hepatic vein which will then enter the heart similarly cells which produce bile can then bring give it to the bile duct which then goes into the galbladder so I hope that makes sense and remember that we have the maccrage liver maccrage is known as cuper cells and these are important in the immune system lastly as I mentioned the organization inside the liver are hexagonal shaped lobules with the central vein being in the middle the central vein can be also referred to as a hepatic vein because it essentially goes back towards the heart and then surrounding Each corner of the hexagon we have the portal Triads and if you remember what the portal Triads are they are the they are the portal vein the the hepatic archery and the bile duct and they connect essentially to the central vein and with this connection the portal Vel can then give nutrients to the hepatocytes and the hepatic artery can give oxygen to the hepatocytes as well around here so I hope this was an enjoyable video in the next video we'll look at the physiology of the liver thank you