Norman Castle Building (1066-1087)

Overview

• Examines changes in Norman castle building from 1066 to 1087.
• Focus on two periods: 1066-1071 and 1071-1087.
• Castles are key features throughout the Norman reign.

Period 1: 1066-1071

Context

• Initial period after Norman invasion marked by rebellions.

Purpose of Castle Building

• Built to suppress and prevent rebellions.
• Served as symbols of Norman control.
• Examples: Castles in Exeter, York, and along Welsh borders (e.g., Chepstow).

Characteristics

• Motte and bailey design with motts approx. 5 meters high.
• Dominating towers; small bailey; often surrounded by a moat.
• Emphasized imposing presence to quell resistance.

Volume

• Around 35 castles built by 1071 to defeat English resistance.

Period 2: 1071-1087

Context

• Period of consolidating Norman power after initial resistance was subdued.

Purpose of Castle Building

• Built to settle and control the land.
• Status symbols for Norman barons in the countryside.

Characteristics

• Standard motte and bailey design, often made of wood.
• Included wooden palisades and gatehouses; varied layouts.

Volume

• Over 500 castles were built, marking a boom in castle construction.
• Example: Rochester Castle, initially wooden, later converted to stone.

Changes in Castle Building

• Purpose: From military defense to land settlement and control.
• Structure: Transition from simple motte-focused designs to more diverse motte and bailey styles.
• Volume: Significant increase in the number of castles built, reflecting a shift in strategy from defense to consolidation.