Gallbladder and Biliary Diseases

Welcome to the lecture on different gallbladder and biliary diseases. This session aims to simplify and enhance your understanding of these diseases through easy tricks and visuals.

Key Terminology

• Lithiasis: Refers to stones.
  • Cholelithiasis and Choledocolithiasis involve stones.
• Itis: Refers to inflammation.
  • Cholecystitis and Cholangitis involve inflammation.

Disease Breakdown

Cholelithiasis

• Definition: Presence or formation of gallstones, usually in the gallbladder.
• Anatomy: Involves liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and duct system.
• Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but issues arise if stones move or get stuck.
• Diagnosis: Ultrasound.
• Treatment: Conservative management or gallbladder removal.
• Mnemonic: "Chole" (gall/bile) + "lithiasis" (stone) = Gallstones.

Cholecystitis

• Definition: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to gallstones obstructing the cystic duct.
• Symptoms: Right upper quadrant pain (biliary colic), fever, nausea, vomiting.
• Diagnosis: Ultrasound.
• Treatment: Antibiotics and cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal).
• Mnemonic: "Chole" (gall/bile) + "cyst" (bladder) + "itis" (inflammation) = Gallbladder inflammation.

Choledocolithiasis

• Definition: Presence of gallstones in the common bile duct.
• Symptoms: Right upper quadrant/epigastric pain, jaundice, nausea, vomiting.
• Diagnosis: Ultrasound, ERCP or MRCP.
• Treatment: Stone and gallbladder removal, antibiotics if infection is present.
• Mnemonic: "Choledoco" (common bile duct) + "lithiasis" (stone) = Stones in the common bile duct.

Cholangitis

• Definition: Inflammation of the bile ducts, usually due to a stone obstructing the common bile duct.
• Symptoms: Fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting.
• Diagnosis: Similar methods to choledocolithiasis (ultrasound, ERCP, MRCP), blood work.
• Treatment: Removal of stone and gallbladder, antibiotics.
• Mnemonic: "Cholangio" (bile duct) + "itis" (inflammation) = Inflammation of bile ducts.

Conclusion

Understanding these terms and diseases is crucial for recognizing symptoms and treatment options. For more detailed notes and study guides, refer to the resources linked in the video description. Make sure to subscribe for future informative videos on medical topics.