๐Ÿ“Š

Concepts of Domain, Range, and Monotony

Sep 14, 2025

Overview

The session covered how to find the domain and range from graphs, along with the concept of monotony and determining whether a function is even or odd.

Finding Domain and Range from the Graph

  • The domain is all the X values that can be substituted into the function.
  • The range is all the Y values resulting from the function.
  • At a point, the domain is the X value and the output is the range.
  • The domain is taken from the X-axis, and the range from the Y-axis.
  • A straight line or continuous curve means domain and range over intervals.
  • Open points (hollow circles) mean the value is not included (open interval).
  • Closed points (filled circles) mean the value is included (closed interval).
  • If the graph extends infinitely, we use infinity or negative infinity.
  • The domain or range can be expressed as R except for excluded values.

Types of Segments in the Graph and Their Expression

  • A line with a start and end is a line segment.
  • A line with a start but no end is a ray.
  • A line with no start or end is a straight line.
  • In curves, if there is no arrow, it is not extended infinitely.

How to Write Domain and Range

  • When there are missing points (holes), we use difference: R - {excluded values}.
  • Intervals are written using parentheses: ( ) for open intervals, [ ] for closed intervals.

Notes When Dealing with Graphs

  • Pay attention to holes and exclude those values.
  • When expressing intervals, the smaller number is on the left and the larger on the right.
  • Disconnected sets of values may be expressed using union between intervals.

Concept of Monotony

  • Monotony determines if the function increases, decreases, or is constant.
  • We move from left to right on the X-axis.
  • Each increase or decrease interval is written as an open interval.
  • If intervals differ (increase/constant/decrease), topics are divided according to change intervals.

Determining if the Function is Even or Odd from the Graph

  • Even function: the right side of the Y-axis looks exactly like the left.
  • Odd function: what happens above on the right happens inversely below on the left.
  • If there is no exact match or symmetry: Neither even nor odd.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Domain (ุงู„ุฏูˆู…ูŠู†) โ€” the set of X values that can be substituted into the function.
  • Range (ุงู„ุฑู†ุฌ) โ€” the set of Y values resulting from the function.
  • Interval (ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ) โ€” a part of the number line between two numbers.
  • Open/Closed Interval (ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ/ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ) โ€” indicates whether the boundary is included or not.
  • Monotony (ู…ู†ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠ) โ€” the behavior of the function (increase/decrease/constant) over intervals.
  • Even function (ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฒูˆุฌูŠุฉ) โ€” the function is symmetric about the Y-axis.
  • Odd function (ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูุฑุฏูŠุฉ) โ€” the function is symmetric inversely about the origin.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Solve all workbook questions: finding domain, range, and monotony for all graphs.
  • Determine if the function is even, odd, or neither.
  • Submit the assignment on Saturday.