Introduction and History of Computer

Introduction

• Computers are an important part of various competitive exams like RRB NTPC, Bank PO, etc.
• Knowledge of computers is essential in today's online era.
• Studying the history and development of computers is necessary.

Basics of Computer

• A computer is a system where many small parts together form a complete system.
• A computer system primarily includes a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and CPU.
• A computer is an electronic device that processes data and instructions to provide output.

History of Computer

1. Abacus:

   • The first calculating device, invented in China in 1602.
   • Calculations were done by counting beads in a wooden frame.

2. Napier Bones:

   • A calculating device developed by John Napier in 1617.

3. Pascal's Calculator:

   • Developed by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
   • The first successful mechanical calculator.

4. Stepped Reckoner:

   • An improved version of Pascal's calculator by Gottfried Leibniz in 1671.

5. Joseph Jacquard's Automated Loom:

   • Designing patterns in fabric through punch cards in 1801.

6. Charles Babbage's Difference Engine and Analytical Engine:

   • Difference Engine (1822) was not successful.
   • Analytical Engine (1834) is the foundation of modern computers.
   • Charles Babbage is called the "Father of the Computer."

7. Census Tabulating Machine:

   • Developed by Herman Hollerith in 1890.
   • Use of punch cards.

8. Mark I and ENIAC:

   • Mark I (1930) was the first electromechanical computer.
   • ENIAC (1945) was the first electronic computer.

Conclusion

• Historical knowledge enhances understanding of the origin and development of computers.
• Many scientists contributed to the development of computers.
• In the next lesson, there will be a discussion on generations of computers.