Sociology Class: Positivism

Introduction

• Positivism: An approach to research methodology
• Attempt to understand society through scientific knowledge

What is Positivism?

• Sociological theory
• Use of scientific evidences
• Establish sociology as a science
• Use of empirical observation and deductive reasoning

Features of Positivism

• Unity of method: Use of various methods
• Objectivity and value neutrality
• Society is not common sense
• Formal and organized body of knowledge
• Generalization and social engineering

Early Positivism

• Establishment with emergence
• Scientific revolution and enlightenment
• Contributions of Saint-Simon and Auguste Comte

Contribution of Saint-Simon

• Unification of sciences
• Replace religion with science
• Use of science in spiritual guidance

Contribution of Auguste Comte

• Father of Sociology
• Rigorous adoption of scientific methods
• Classification of sciences
  • Analytical and synthetic sciences
• Completing incomplete philosophy in sociology
• Unified form of positivistic social philosophy

Criticism of Positivism

• Ignoring value conflicts
• Use of simple scientific approach
• Failure to consider the observer
• Idealistic approach
• Lack of practical implementation

Conclusion

• Positivism is significant for scientifically understanding society
• Contribution to establishing social knowledge

Notes

• While understanding positivism, it is necessary to consider social issues as well
• Study the ideas of Auguste Comte and Saint-Simon