Overview
This lecture demonstrates the Varus and Valgus stress tests used to assess the integrity of the elbow's lateral and medial collateral ligaments.
Varus Stress Test (Lateral Collateral Ligament)
- Purpose: Evaluates the integrity of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the elbow.
- Patient should be seated with arm securely positioned.
- Fully extend the patient's elbow, then flex slightly (about 5° out of full extension).
- Forearm must be fully supinated (palm up).
- Examiner's mobilization arm crosses the joint line; palpation finger locates the radial head and humerus.
- Apply a varus force (inward force) to the elbow to stress the LCL.
- Ensure the patient's forearm stays supinated during the test.
Valgus Stress Test (Medial Collateral Ligament)
- Purpose: Assesses the integrity of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow.
- Examiner stands on the lateral side of the patient in a staggered stance.
- Use one hand across the elbow joint line; palpate the medial epicondyle to find the MCL.
- Patient's forearm should be fully supinated.
- Fully extend the elbow, then bring it slightly out of extension.
- Apply a valgus force (outward force) to the elbow to stress the MCL.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Varus Stress Test — assesses the lateral collateral ligament by applying an inward force at the elbow.
- Valgus Stress Test — assesses the medial collateral ligament by applying an outward force at the elbow.
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) — ligament on the outer side of the elbow.
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) — ligament on the inner side of the elbow.
- Supination — rotation of the forearm so the palm faces up.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice performing the Varus and Valgus stress tests on a partner.
- Review the anatomy of the elbow ligaments for further understanding.