Overview
This lecture explains the characteristics of the particles that make up matter, using simple experiments and examples to illustrate each property.
Introduction to Matter
- Matter is anything that occupies space and can be seen around you.
- Two theories existed: matter is either continuous or made up of tiny particles.
- Experiments show that matter is composed of extremely small particles.
Characteristics of Particles of Matter
1. Particles of Matter Are Very Small
- Dissolving a small amount of potassium permanganate in water colors large volumes, showing particles are very small and numerous.
- One grain of sugar contains a quintillion (1 followed by 18 zeros) sugar molecules.
2. Particles of Matter Have Spaces Between Them
- When sugar dissolves in water, it does not increase the water level—sugar particles occupy spaces between water molecules.
- This demonstrates the presence of empty spaces between the particles of a substance.
3. Particles of Matter Are Continuously Moving
- The spread of incense smoke or color in water without stirring shows particles move on their own.
- This motion is called kinetic energy, and the process of mixing is called diffusion.
4. Particles of Matter Attract Each Other
- Some substances like metal are hard to break due to strong attraction between particles.
- Substances like chalk, water, and air are easier to break or cut, showing weaker forces of attraction.
- The strength of attraction varies among different materials.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Matter — anything that has mass and occupies space.
- Diffusion — process where particles of different substances mix due to particle movement.
- Kinetic Energy — energy possessed by particles due to their motion.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Attempt the three test-oriented questions given at the end of the lecture.
- Review the four characteristics of matter’s particles for better understanding.
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