hi friends everything that you see around you is called mater mater is made up of tiny particles do you know how tiny these particles are for example how many sugar particles are present in a single grain of sugar the answers coming up in this video we'll explore the characteristics of particles of matter by doing some exciting experiments so that you can get a visual feel of it for these experiments I'm going to be using some simple everyday things so you can try them yourself I'm sure by the end of the video the concepts are going to be super clear to you and you'll find it easy to remember and then we will finish off with our top three test oriented questions on this topic there were two competing theories regarding mater one said that matters continues and the other says matter is made up of tiny particles now which one do you think is correct science is all about validating theories with experiments so let's go to our experiment table and check which theory is right here we have some sugar and a glass of water can you see these sugar greens now when I dissolve it in water where does all the sugar disappear why is the sugar not visible anymore and if I taste this water it tastes sweet so there's definitely sugar in there the reason is the water broke up the sugar into tiny tiny particles so tiny that it's not visible to us so which theory do you think is correct that's right matter is made up of tiny tiny particles in this video we are going to be discussing these four characteristics of particles of matter which are particles of matter aren't very very small they have spaces between them they are continuously moving and they attract each other we are going to understand each characteristic with the help of experiments let's look at the first characteristic particles of matter are very very small let's try an experiment to prove this for that I'm going to take a very small quantity of potassium permanganate crystals and we are going to dissolve it in 100 ml of water here [Music] can you see that deep purple color now if we can show that a very small quantity of potassium permanganate can also color a large volume of water then that means that these crystals must be containing millions and millions of particles that get spread on dissolving and color the water so the particles of potassium permanganate must be very very small but the trick we are going to do is rather than dissolve a small quantity of potassium permanganate in a large volume of water we are going to make use of the purple water here so we are going to take a small quantity of this purple water and dilute it with more water and then again take a small quantity of that and further diluted with more water it's the same effect as adding a small quantity of this in a large volume of water let me show you how first I have taken one tenth of this purple potassium permanganate solution in the small beaker here so one tenth of 100ml is as you can see 10 ml now I am going to pour this solution into the empty glass here and then we are going to dilute it with 90 ml of water so that the total solution becomes 100 ml so can you see the light purple color now now let's take 1/10 of this new solution and again dilute it with water to make the total volume 100 ml again we have taken 10 ml of this light purple solution and we are going to dilute it with water again so the total volume of the new solution is 100 ml and can you see the pink color of the solution and again we are going to repeat the dilution process with this new solution so even in this last glass can you see that that light pink color is still visible here so this process of taking a small part of the colored solution and repeatedly diluting it makes the color go from dark to light with the help of this experiment we've shown that if you take the same small quantity of potassium permanganate and put it in a large volume of water you're going to end up with a light pink color like this last glass here so what's our conclusion these tiny crystals of potassium permanganate must be containing millions and millions of potassium permanganate particles which I'm dissolving in water they can spread through the large volume of water and give it a light pink color like this so the particles of matter must be very very small similarly a sugar green is made of a large number of tiny sugar particles or sugar molecules remember I asked in the beginning of the video do you know how many sugar molecules are present in one grain of sugar so one grain of sugar like the one I have on my finger here so what's your guess here is it a thousand sugar molecules or maybe a million a billion a trillion or is it a quintillion that's right the correct answer is a quintillion that's one and 18 zeros to help you visualize how much is that I want you to pause the video here and go and get one grain of sugar from your kitchen so are you ready with your sugar green now look at this sugar green and say this sentence there are more sugar molecules present in the single grain of sugar than the number of sugar grains produced per year in the entire world unbelievable isn't it but it's true so if you take each sugar molecule in this sugar grain and convert it to a sugar grain you will have more than the entire world sugar and there I just ate a quintillion number of sugar molecules right now let's place the first characteristic particles of matter are very very small on our concept board now let's take a look at the second characteristic particles of matter have spaces between them I'm going to immerse this spoon into this glass of water and you carefully observe what happens to the level of water as you can see the water level rises a bit the rise in water level is going to be much more clear if you use a larger object now I'm going to put the sugar grains in and you carefully observe what happens to the level of water we are going to dissolve this sugar in water once we stop stirring as you can see there is no rise in the level of water why is it so it's because these sugar grains break up into tiny tiny sugar particles when they are dissolved in water and these tiny sugar particles go and occupy the spaces between the water molecules that's why the level of water does not show rise so this experiment proves that particles of matter have spaces between them now let's visualize this scenario so imagine we zoom in to this glass of water a million million times so how is it going to look it'll probably look something like this these white balls here represent the water molecules and when we put the sugar grains into water each and every sugar grain is going to look like this gigantic ball compared to these tiny water molecules so let me put this sugar grain into water watch carefully because this huge sugar grain is going to soon break up into tiny sugar particles represented by these tiny red balls as you can see these tiny sugar particles go and occupy the space between the water molecules let's spin the second characteristic particles of matter have spaces between them on our concept board now let's move on to the third characteristic particles of matter are continuously moving this means that the particles are in continuous motion and on their own so you don't need to set them in motion let's take a look at a couple of experiments for this I'm going to light the send stick here can you see the smoke spreading on its own there's no fan or wind in the room very soon the smell will spread across the whole room this is because the particles are moving on their own let me show you another experiment for this I am going to drop some potassium permanganate crystals into water and this time I am NOT going to stir it but I am going to let it dissolve on its own can you see the purple color spreading on its own so both these experiments prove that particles of matter are continuously moving once again we can visualize the dissolving of potassium permanganate in water by using our bowl of water molecules here so when we drop the potassium permanganate crystals into water they break up into tiny particles like this and since the particles are constantly moving they spread across the entire liquid in both these experiments you can see that particles of different types are getting mixed up here it is the smoke particles and the air particles and in this case it's the potassium permanganate particles and the water particles now what is the process of mixing up of particles of different types known as that's right it's called diffusion now what type of energy do these moving particles possess that's right it's kinetic energy let's put the third characteristic particles of matter are continuously moving on our concept board now let's take a look at the fourth and last characteristic particles of matter attract each other a simple proof is can I break this metal spoon definitely not or can I break this table Oh looks like my hand is broken so the particles of matter are attracting each other very strongly and that's why we can't break these but there are some other examples where the force of attraction is weak like in this piece of chalk for example I can easily break this chalk or I can cut through the water in this bowl or I can easily cut through the air so in this case is the force of attraction between the particles is much weaker compared to the metal spoon and the table so these examples show that the strength of the force of attraction is different in different substances let's place the fourth characteristic particles of matter attract each other on our concept board now that we are done with the four characteristics of particles of matter are you ready for the top three questions on this topic coming up for you right now friends go ahead and give these questions a try and do post your answers and doubts in the comments below I make a commitment to reply to your doubts as soon as possible I'll disappear so you can pause the video here and try solving these questions isn't it amazing that this massive universe is made up of tiny tiny particles as we saw in this video even a single sugar grain is made up of a quintillion number of sugar molecules that's more than the number of sugar grains in the entire world and if you enjoyed watching this video be sure to hit the like button and the subscribe button for my channel you can also follow my facebook page thanks for watching you