by the end of this video you will have learned every single piece of n5 level japanese grammar thanks to over 100 different examples taken from over 60 different video games throughout video game history my name is matt and welcome to my video game textbook as we work through all of the grammar points in the japanese jlptn5 level i will try to be as concise as possible while also giving detailed explanations of each of the grammar points i will include examples taken from scenes from all of your favorite video games to help both give you context as well as give you visual connection to each of these pieces of grammar being used so that you can learn exactly how they are used and also help you feel as confident as possible in mastering in five japanese so without further ado let's get started in spoken japanese so the first way of expressing must not do in spoken japanese is this cha ikenai it's actually the colloquial version of tewa ikenai by turning this first example is used when the verb's tef form ends in a te sound in the tef form like taberu to eat turning into tabe te so you can see it ends in a te or for this example irete to put in so to say that you must not put in would be erecha ikenai in spoken japanese now this first example is slightly more formal and indirect ikenai meaning no good or must not and it's often used when expressing rules or common knowledge as the woman that the main character he is talking to isn't particularly close and is telling him of a rule that men must not come inside she uses erecha ikenai to express must not put or let in and so as i mentioned there's the second style the ja now this ja is used when the te form ends in a de sound like nommu to drink turning into non de or in this example shinu to die turning into shin dai when put in the te-form so you use shinja ikenai you must not die again as before this is being used colloquially in a spoken manner in a kind of slightly formal or strict manner the woman here is telling barrett a sort of rule or agreement she will take care of his daughter so long as he doesn't die he must not die it's forbidden so both of these forms come from the original tewa ikenai which we will cover later in this video but now onto a different one we have cha or ja dame oda now if you were wanting to use the same expression as before but in a little bit more of a casual or emotional or a direct way you would use dame instead of ikenai dame means kind of bad ikenai is a little bit more like no good so in this example the main character is yelling at the old man in a quite emotional manner that he must not die in a place like this it's not necessarily a rule or an agreement it's just an emotional declaration it's close it's direct if you were to tell your family or friends that they must not do something without sounding like you're kind of teaching them a rule then cha or ja is the grammar point to use is one of the most common pieces of grammar in all of japanese it's used at the end of sentences to state that something is often translated as to be in english as it shares the same usage take for example these words by themselves big or key small chi sai fat and yummy oishi they are all by themselves and they don't have any clear direction of how they're being used however by adding deaths to the ends of these words you can now state that something is big orky desu or is small chi sai desu or in this case is the appearance of zanakand roughly 1 000 years ago it can also be conjugated into the past form with dexter meaning was or were so des is quite polite but if you wanted to be more casual we have [Music] so just like des da is used in the exactly same way however this is the casual version it's used in more casual settings like with family or friends if you were to use desu all the time non-stop you may start to sound a little bit either overly polite or a little bit robotic and so duh is the more casual way of expressing exactly the same thing so in this situation where kazuya from tekken 7 is sending heihachi to his grave it is much more appropriate for him to be using hakuba da it is your grave and awadi da it is the end as this occasion does not call for him using polite speech but [Music] is incredibly useful to help express reason these three english expressions are some of the more common translations and it depends on context which one is most fitting however at its core dakara is used to express reason for something i'm hungry so let's have pizza dakara pizza tabayo or in this case chie is explaining why she has been so worried and so she's just used it at the end of the sentence to say that's why i've been so worried [Music] [Applause] [Music] has two core differences in meaning only and just and then this as much as okay let's look at the first one if you had one person hitori and you wanted to say only one person you would say hitori only one person or just one person or for example here from final fantasy 10 2 muay chido bubai toru dake i only need or i just need to steal it back once more it can also be used to express as much as like in the expression dekiru [Music] can be used in place of death so it's polite in all situations to imply a degree of probability or speculation you could say that something is probably okay or you could think that it's okay by saying ee desho e meaning good and deshaw makes it sound like you're either stating that it's probably okay or speculating on whether it is and perhaps asking for confirmation in this example raudor is saying to luka that he thinks that his own troops would not be enough if the ruka were to wield his blade he is being polite as he is speaking to a senior officer and is in a way reassuring dukkha that his sword skills are still quite formidable it is used in the exact same way it's just more casual and it's used in place of duh in this example the man is asking clarice if she's in there but he's quite sure that she is and so he says you're in there right this shows that the character has either a close relationship with clarice or that he's perhaps a little bit more of a casual speaker and so he uses daro instead of desho in the first example we saw that it was being used to reassure and this time it's being used for confirmation you're in there right now the first definition we have of de is used to express the location where an action occurs the word before the death particle must be a location noun in this usage for example i study at school or in this example from zelda breath of the wild the king is telling link that the voice of zelda that he can hear is at or in hyrule castle high jaw de so if you want to say that you are doing an action at a specific location you can use dare to express that today dare can also be used to express a means or method of doing something i will go by car or here funky kong is telling donkey kong that he will guide you around the island with the jumbo jet barrel jambo democian it is often used to start a new sentence or to connect two contradicting ideas in a very similar way that but or however is used in english pizzaga i like pizza but i also like meat so it can be used at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle now here from the video game judgment or judge eyes we have but lately demo psyche this is an incredibly useful grammar pattern that is used very similar to the english counterparts just don't get it confused with temo demo which is a separate grammar for n4 and means something completely different kimiwa not what kind of or what sort of this grammar pattern is used to ask about the state or characteristic of something what kind of pizza do you like donna pizzagasqui descar here asking what type or flavor of pizza do you like or like here in kingdom hearts what kind of power do you seek dona and so just like in english you put it before the noun that you want to inquire about why or for what reason doshter is used to ask someone why they do something such as why do you like games dorchester gamerguski or in this case from metal gear solid 3 the boss is asking naked snake why he came back it can also be used to ask how for example how or why do you know that [Music] do yatte is a very useful expression that focuses on the means of doing something how do i get to the station or take this example from final fantasy vii remake where biggs is asking jesse precisely how they're supposed to get back to the slums how do we get back to the slums the subject or identifier particle the first use of ga at the n5 level is to mark the subject of a sentence now this term can be a little bit confusing for those who aren't familiar with what a subject of a sentence is but just try to think of it like the doer of the action in the sentence or the identifier of who what and why there's a term is what in english that can often be a nice translation for example literally a convenience store is what is nearby or hear from hajime no ippo gong nareba when the bell is what rings everything is what will be understood now it sounds unnatural in english but think of it like the particle that shows you what is doing the verb what rings the bell does what is understood everything is everything is so you can see here that it's answering that question even if it's not being asked if you want a more detailed explanation check out my why versus grammar video so that you can master both of these incredibly important particles or however the second use of ga is in the middle of a sentence and this expresses a conjunction nihongo or i can read japanese but i can't speak it so it's used just like but in english and so here in fire emblem 3 houses a man interrupts gerald's conversation with his son and says i'm sorry but can i have you come with me i'm sorry but now often following this conjunctive use of gar we will see a comma following it to help you show that it's not the subject marker but it's actually this but but other times you just need to know from context which is which there won't always be a comma to help you out nani hanashigaru for non-living things now if we place aru after the gas subject marker we can use it to express that something exists or that you have something not living like tables you have a table or chairs and even abstract concepts like a conversation or feeling so to state that they exist or that you have them i have or there is a tv here tifa is saying to cloud in a flashback that he said he had something that he wanted to talk to her about expressed simply with halashiga hanashi aru to have a conversation or something to talk about just keep in mind that this must not be used for living things for that we used [Music] now this is exactly the same as but it's used for things with life like people or animals so here in this example the prison guard is saying to ichi that if he has someone waiting for him outside sotoday so just be careful aru is for non-living things and eru is for living things another example using the subject marker now used with hoshi to want something it can be used with both kanji or simply written in hiragana only so if you want something simply put the noun that you want before ga hoshi and you're good to go pizzaga hoshi or as big boss from metal gear 2 says once your fighting instinct is awakened you become to want even more intensity yori wanting more tension or intensity [Music] [Music] it should be better too or you should so now we're moving on to how to express that it would be better if you did a certain action here following a verb in any tense you put horga e to show that it would be better if you did that action benkyo you should study or it would be better if you study or perhaps you were in a dangerous place and it would be better if you were more careful like here in suikoden 5 kyotsketa hoga e you should be careful or it would be better if you were careful now can be written with both either kanji or hiragana and they're both used around the same amount so just be aware that you can see this whole e with both the kanji or with the hiragana only as they both used around the same amount [Music] in japanese there are actually two different types of adjectives e adjectives and na adjectives and the way that you treat each is slightly different especially when you conjugate them here with e adjectives you can tell that it's an e adjective because an e adjective ends in an e sound although that's not always the case so please be careful for example kid for pretty is actually not an e adjective now when conjugating an e adjective perhaps you want to say that something was yummy or it isn't yummy or it was not yummy so in order to do this you need to drop the last e in the e adjective and replace it with a ku turning oishee into oishikatta was yummy or oishikunai it was not yummy and if you're not conjugating the e adjective you can just leave it nice and simple like here i am busy we can also turn e adjectives into adverbs by replacing the e adjective with ku like here in witcher [Applause] 3. [Applause] says that he will warmly welcome the beast is the e adjective for warm however it's being turned into atata kaku to warmly welcome so this adjective is now being turned into an adverb the best when you want to say something is number one you use ichiba ichiban meaning one and bun meaning number this is also a useful way to express the most or the best my most favorite food is pizza pizza ichiban it is the food that i most like or if you would like solid snake from metal gear solid and you're looking for the shortest path into a nuclear storage facility you would be looking for the ichiban no michi the most shortest path or the best shortcut to conjugate this grammar you can either say noun ga ichiban the noun is the most or ichiban adjective the most something ishoni together next we have how to express doing something together with ishoni this is often following the particle to expressing with like together with for example tomodachi with my friends ishoni i will go together to school here in swigurum 2 you can do what is known in english as a unite attack or simply in japanese attacking together ishoni to attack together so if you click on ishoni you will now attack the enemy together so next time you're doing something together with your friends make sure to use ishoni it's more [Music] another core piece of grammar that everyone must know is how to express always doing something or being a certain way for example you may have noticed that in this video i always talk about pizza pizza here ryu from street fighter is saying that he always feels nostalgic about fighting it's more or not so here it is a habitual thing that he always does he always feels natsuka [Music] be am not is not and are not daiwanai is the formal way of expressing that something is not a certain way ningen derwanai is a formal way of saying that i am not human be aware that the particle combination here is derwa plus ni so the ha here is actually pronounced just like the wah particle because it's actually the one particle that's being used here in this grammar point and so here igor from persona 5 is a formal speaking old man and so he uses this style of speech here to say that it does not mean that it's the case referring here to there being no means of resisting and that not being the case just like with desho and daro dawa nai is placed where you would usually put a desu in a sentence you could also make this more polite in addition to being formal by changing the nai in daiwanai to adimasen making the polite formal way of saying something is to not be so is not would be dewa [Music] whatever to not be casual so here is the more casual form of derwa nai janai this is what you would use with your friends and family to avoid sounding too formal and uptight like igor does and more like a typical casual style of talking now this is exactly the same as derwani saying that it is not the case just it's more casual so here cloud is saying that it's not that he was just looking for a job it is not that he was just looking for work [Music] the question particle car can be used at the end of a sentence to show a question like are you japanese nihonjindeska or even simply at the end of a sentence as a rhetorical question like or as if like seen here in hideo kojima's snatcher the main character here hears a strange noise and gets panicked only to realize that it was only a crow and so he says karaska a crow huh foreign can also be used mid-sentence to give a list of potential choices and possibilities so we can see that in english or is a perfect fit like here in final fantasy viii questus comes to the infirmary because she hears that one of her students was injured now she knew that it would either be squall or cipher and so here she so you can see that it's being used here between two nouns to say this or this next we have how to express from in japanese so in english when we say from england we have from come first from england but in japanese it needs to follow the noun so it would be igi meaning from england so here in the yakuza series we have the main character kiriu being introduced and his friend does this by telling the boss first where kiriyu is from and so he says tokyo kara from tokyo kara can also be used just like the previous grammar point dakara that we learned previously however you need to pay close attention to how it's conjugated differently to express because or since with kara when put after a verb or an e adjective simply add kata straight after but if it's a noun or a na adjective then you must use dakara you cannot use cutter with nouns and na adjectives because you need to add this da after a noun or an adjective or how to do something now at first glance this kanji might seem familiar it's the same kanji from hor ga e however when used with the stem form of a verb which is by removing the mass in a must form verb it is read as kata and this shows the way of doing something or how to do that particular verb so for example tabe mas to eat would turn into tabekata how someone eats or even how to eat so just like here from cyberpunk 2077 v is surprised that his buddy can speak politely and so he says you can also talk in a polite way of speaking huh so way of speaking is hanashi or here in the next example kami is wanting a better fighter and asks gail if he can't do a little better way of fighting here is the way of fighting [Music] [Music] but or however here we have yet another way of expressing but in japanese but this time it is used particularly between two contradicting ideas for example usually when something is which means tough or difficult it's not also fun right that's where this is contradicting and this is why it calls for the use of kedor so here gohan is surprised at this amazing unknown key appearing all of a sudden and yet it somehow feels familiar he wouldn't expect it to be familiar and this is why it's a contradiction to what is normal and so he uses [Music] is now the more formal way of saying the same thing as kedor you can remove the more turning it into kere do however the full kere domo is more polite this next usage is interesting from a final fantasy vii fan's perspective because we see cloud all of a sudden speaking quite polite and formally perhaps this is a hint at his mind unravelling but what is certain is that this keredomo is both a polite and formal way of saying but like kedor and so there are three different ways that you can say but or however particularly used between two contradicting ideas starting from the lowest casual you have kedo then and then could i and good i about or approximately both of these words mean the exact same thing and while they do have some usage conventions they are actually freely used interchangeably with each other the first meaning here is used to express that something being around a certain amount for example at around five o'clock gorji goodai ni or here where earth is asking the lady how many flowers she wants she says dore goodai this is a set phrase for how much but if we broke down the expression literally we would see that the usage of good eye means about how many [Music] the next definition is used to express something being at least a certain way so tifa says to cloud wouldn't you like to experience it at least once and so here we can see that could i or good i could be used ichido could i at least once still or not yet this next example sentence perfectly represents the two different usages of mother it can be used to express that something is not yet in a certain state here the castle is being surrounded and it's falling to enemy troops and the prince says it hasn't fallen yet mother or simply not yet and then he continues and says there is still a magic barrier this second use of mother is actually showing that something is still a certain way so the first example was not yet and now it's still so he is trying to reassure who he is speaking to that it's going to be okay because the magic barrier still exists so you can use mother for both still or not yet the next evolution of mother here is with mother and then followed by a verb in the te masen or te inai form and this is used to express that an action has not yet been done this time used solely with verbs so if you're still waiting for that bus to come you can say basua mother kittema said bus still hasn't come yet or if you are oren and you still haven't finished fulfilling a promise to your friend you could say like he says in final fantasy 10 mother what they i'm not yet finished until as far as or to an extent mother is a very versatile piece of grammar that can be used in quite a few different ways it always follows a noun and with it you can express things like go mother until school yeah mother as far as home soccer mother to there and even namida made to the point of tears and so here in tekken 7 akuma has just defeated heihachi and he reflects on heihachi's strength as a man and he says a man to this extent huh kind of like saying this is how strong you are huh so this is quite a diverse useful and a little bit tricky grammar point to get used to but just keep in mind that it has these different definitions and they can be used in different contexts so when you come across this try and fit in one of these four and see which one fits best [Music] before or in front of this grammar is used mainly for two situations the first one is to say that something happened before a certain time or event like this means before going to bed or it can be used to express being directly in front of something spatially like in front of just like here in final fantasy 8 where a voice on the radio is asking squall if he can see the touch panel that's in front of him and so he says in front of your eyes you can see a touch panel right would you do you want to or shall we this is a polite way of asking someone quite literally won't you do x and more commonly translated as shall we or do you want to now this is used to ask someone politely if they would like to do something and so here one of these punks is asking their leader if they can kill this man from the yakuza series do you want to kill him now or shall we kill him already and so here he is being polite to his senior and asking his boss if he wants to finish the job on this guy to conjugate this form is very simple just put a verb in the negative must form masen and then just simply add ka to the end so like iku to go would just be ikimasenka shall we go or would you like to go to do which is best explained as simply meaning a polite way of saying let's do something masho let's study benkyo or here the lady is telling her friend that he should stop harassing this guy and just leave and sushi says hey let's stop shall we stop [Music] and so now this next evolution of marshall is one step further we're adding ka to the end and this becomes a polite way to offer help to the listener like asking shall i do something shall i take a photo for you or here in chrono trigger when you go into the kind of help room at the beginning of the game they ask you shall i tell you about weapons and armor foreign another one of those really useful particles this time replacing where a ga or might go in a sentence and it makes it into two or also or with negatives nor for example perhaps you like pizza you would say watashi mo pizzaguski i also like pizza or perhaps you found a friend who's also studying japanese you could say watashi mo yongo benkostero i'm also studying japanese and it can even be used with negatives like in this example from dragon ball fighters where yamcha says that this time there will be no carelessness nor arrogance within him so mo is being used twice here but it just means no it won't be it's like the negative form of saying to or also [Music] [Music] next is a very similar sounding word more the u here is actually slightly more drawn out sounding than simply mo from the previous particle this time more means again or another for example if you didn't hear something you could ask your friend to repeat what they just said or like here in shenmue this man is saying that he in fact is going to ask rio's father one more time it can also be used to say that something is already a certain way more kujida it's already nine o'clock so just make sure that you have that oo sound at the end otherwise it's just more more and more more can also be used with negatives to say that you are no longer going to do that action anymore just like here in persona 5 i'm not going to put up with it anymore [Music] now we have finally made it on to the second type of adjective and if you remember as i previously said there were two different types e adjectives and na adjectives here is that second type an adjective ending in this type of adjective is actually much easier than the e adjectives to conjugate in a sentence as they actually follow the exact same rules as nouns so just like a noun pen pen desu it is a pen now if we get a na adjective for example genki you could say genki desu genki means lively or energetic so if you wanted to say that person is energetic it would be sono hitowa genki desu or if you wanted to change the word order and put more emphasis on the person's characteristic simply put the na adjective before the noun therefore it's modifying that noun for example [Music] so here from nino kuni we have yada this is a na adjective which means kind of detestable unpleasant or disagreeable this is commonly seen used when just flat out refusing something or in an almost tantrum manner yada or even yada but this is actually still a na adjective and you can actually use it to describe something as well like this unpleasant feeling so we have the na adjective followed by a na and then you have whatever you're modifying so iyana kimochi means the unpleasant feeling [Music] is now this next example is from the opening of rock man 8 or mega man 8 where the opening credits is explaining that a mysterious meteorite with intense energy has struck the earth an intense energy so first it is the na adjective followed by na and then you have the noun and this is adding more detail to the energy so the energy is becoming intense energy don't do next is an incredibly simple grammar that is actually quite useful at least for comprehension of media so by putting na immediately after the dictionary form of a verb you turn that verb into a kind of order to not do that action taberu to eat would be taberuna don't eat but be careful this is actually quite strong and direct and it's actually a contraction of naidah a more polite way of asking someone not to do something which we'll cover shortly however this is incredibly common in video games in movies in any kind of media but it just might not be something you might actually say to someone because it's a little bit strong and less emergency called for [Music] konomi toronto [Music] so here we have just like na but it has that second ah making it a little bit more like na and this is a sentence ending particle and it also shows confirmation or admiration and a lot of other emotions now this is not to be confused with the previous now so just make sure it's this is often written with a small r afterwards however sometimes it's actually just not by itself now this is very similar to ne in japanese this na can express a wide range of things such as asking for confirmation from a listener like right and you can also express hope or admiration or even uncertainty and you can also add emphasis to what is being said like in this example from valkyria chronicle so the main character has arrived back to his hometown after a long period away and he says natsukashina how nostalgic so here he is expressing admiration and how it feels to finally be back in his hometown natsukashi is just nostalgic but this natsukashi nah it's just like ah it's so nostalgic huh this is a very useful sentence ender to add a wide range of emotions based on how you say it and what context it's being used in code [Music] without doing by putting a verb into the ni form and adding de and then followed by another verb you can express doing one verb without doing the second verb so for example i always drink coffee without putting in sugar so you can see that putting in sugar is first sato without putting in sugar and then we have nomi mas i drink take another example here from final fantasy vii where after trying many times to correctly time this simultaneous button press tifa says let's go without losing focus means to lose focus so kyo nuku neither means without losing focus and then iko let's [Music] please don't so this next usage of nida is what i mentioned previously about the na at the end of a word telling someone not to do something and that being a little bit too direct and strong so here naida is the more polite version of asking someone to not do something like in this example here where naruhodo is asking mayoi not to ever mention a particular person's name kuchini shinaide don't speak of that person now if we were wanting to make this phrase even more polite we would use naida please don't now this is the highest of the three forms in n5 in terms of politeness in asking someone not to do something suruna ordering someone not to do an action shinai asking someone not to do that action and then shinaide kudasai politely asking someone not to do that action here in an example where a yakuza member is actually being overly polite while actually being disrespectful as a kind of power move and so he says to his customer at the girls bar hey please don't say such uptight things now usually this phrase is actually really polite but because he's using really polite language in the complete opposite situation it changes the feeling to being almost dismissive and a power move however you can use this form without any concern it is not rude at all it is the highest level of politeness it's just in japanese you can actually be overly polite and it's actually kind of a way of talking down to someone [Music] you must do or you have an obligation to do something so we have seen how to express that you must not do something with ja ike and i and now we have the other side expressing that you must do something with naito so the literal translation for ja ikenai means that if you do something then it's no good and that's why it means must not however this nightto ikenai actually means if you don't do something then it's no good meaning that you must do that action and so the same rules apply as before where you can change ikenai to dummy to make it more casual and this time you can even drop it all together and just use naito if you want to be really short and casual so in this example from the last of us as the world starts to go crazy joel takes his daughter and tells her that they need to get out of town fast meaning that we have to evacuate there is no choice it's literally that if they don't get out bad things are about to happen and so they must escape this is a very formal expression that is actually slightly higher level than n5 however i've included as it helps explain the grammar that's being used in this next example so we have nakcha ikenai naksha ikenai is a contraction of naktewa ikennai however we don't usually say nakatewaikenai it's quite formal in small written language however this spoken language nakja ikenai is a more casual contraction of this formal language and it's much more widely used so nak tewa contracts to nakja and then ikenai can contract into the more casual dummy or just stay as ikenai they can both be interchanged so we can see here in the example from final fantasy vii where cloud is telling the story of the events that happened five years ago and he reads a letter that he wrote to tifa saying that he has to find a job shigoto or mitsuke so this is a casual expression that shows the subjective view of needing to do something you feel that it's something you must do and it's based on your own decisions another way of expressing must do here this time replacing ikenai with naranai so the core meaning of ikenai is a kind of subjective view that something is not good however with naranai its core meaning is that it is objectively bad and there's this sense of obligation to either the rule or society that an action must be done and so here being used rather fittingly in a clip where jiraiya has realized that nagato is pain and he is perhaps the greatest threat to peace and stability in the ninja world and so he feels this sense of obligation to stop him and so he says i must stop pain and now finally we have the most casual version here to say to must do and so all the way from naktewa ikenai all the way down to just nakja so this is the complete contracted with all of the ikenai dropped off it is just the most casual form and so we see here in kingdom hearts goofy says that he needs to quickly catch up to the king who's gone on this journey and so he says and so just remember that this nakja is the contracted form of naktera but in spoken speech we use this nakja to speak more casually kind of like a we gotta do it in english so perhaps you've had enough of all of this obligation this next grammar point is perfect for you or not is used to express that you don't need to do a certain action so if we were to use the previous example to go alone here the conjugation would be you don't have to go along so it's really simple just put the verb in the knife form and then add and you can even drop the more to make it slightly more casual like seen here in the example from metal gear solid 5 where ocelot is telling snake that the job miller was sent to do he didn't have to do it it was a job that he didn't need to do so means you don't have to do it [Music] to become now for something completely different we have the particle ni to mean to become something this is a really useful expression for showing almost anything becoming something you just became an adult you want to become a millionaire here from suicide 2 when a party member joins your army you have their name followed by nakama ni natha meaning that the person became a member of your group so that works fine with nouns and not adjectives but what about e adjectives well you may have guessed already but just like before the e adjective is a little bit different so let's get into some examples to understand more this is the e adjective for strong so if you want to say to become strong then you need to put the e adjective into this ku form just like we do for adverb conversion and then straight into nadu so to become stronger would be and so this next example from final fantasy vii is perfect at showing both ways of conjugating naru at the chocobo farm choco billy is explaining that if you use the greens they will make the chocobos become really focused and actually become more difficult for them to run away from you and so here we see muchu nina become absorbed in something and then nige nikoi meaning difficult to run nikoi is an e adjective which means difficult to do something and so becoming difficult to run away would be nige so you can see that both the noun and now adjective way of conjugating this is by adding ni naru to nouns and now adjectives and for e adjectives turning the adjective into ku nadu so for example oy she delicious to explain something and to show emphasis this next piece of grammar may perhaps be the most confusing piece of grammar that is actually incredibly simple but it just doesn't get explained clearly enough in certain textbooks leaving students feeling not very confident in how to actually use this nordes nordes is used when you're talking about a reason or a fact or explanations as to why something is a certain way adding this to a sentence simply shows that what you're talking about now feels like the focus is that you're really talking about the reasons the facts or the explanations on that matter so let's take this really simple statement it's difficult and then musukashi no desu it's difficult but this time with the nords grammar so the first example is simply stating something is the case it's difficult end of story that's all however the nordes version is not only stating that fact but it's also adding more emphasis as the speaker might be actually answering or asking a question or explaining their feeling so like saying ah it's so difficult showing a reason for something maybe there's a reason why you're complaining or feeling bad it's because it's difficult muzukashi so it's used here to show that reasoning so here in this example from ruga gotoku ishin a japanese-only released yakuza game that retells the story of ryoma sakamoto in the bakamatsu era in japanese history in this time period there was a very strict samurai class system that made this group of people called joshi on an incredibly higher social status than the rest of the common folk and so here this girl is questioning that status quo as to whether these jolshi are actually really that grand and special and so she says she is questioning the explanation or fact about these joshi being ed which means grand or special there is also a casual form of this grammar point for nordes simply contracting the nor to so here the character zidane from final fantasy 9 is kind of spinning the cogs in his head and he's reflecting on the fact that these holy grounds they were searching for is just over this valley and so he's focusing on the fact that just over here is this place he hasn't simply stating that it exists he's also reflecting on the facts that maybe he'd heard previously about the holy ground and so he's kind of looking at the reasoning or the explanation of something so kind of like ah so it is that over these hills are the holy grounds [Music] isn't it right or er so the particle ne is a sentence ending particle that is used to confirm something with someone it's very similar to right or don't you think so or huh yeah so as the previously covered na can be used with yourself when you're kind of reflecting on something like that here net differs because this is more about confirming something like it's delicious right or not it's not it's nostalgic right so the core of this language is confirming with someone else and including people in your conversation it generates additional dialogue and so here eric asks cloud cloud you're going to see sector 7 right and this right comes from net if you didn't have ne in this sentence it would feel like aerith is actually explaining to cloud what he's about to do however because she's put ner here it actually kind of makes it more like a soft question the next particle we have in n5 is the knee particle its usages are quite diverse and so it is an incredibly important piece of grammar to become familiar with these four different definitions give quite different meanings to each one of their sentences in is expressing within a confined space doing a certain action for example i am living in kyoto so kyoto is the area in which i live or sanji i sleep at three o'clock so now we have the definition at at a certain point in time me can also be used to express where objects are for example the coffee is on the table and finally two we can use knee to show the direction in which we take an action for example nihon ni iku go to japan okay so first let's look at this example from yakuza here we have a blind woman that was surprised by this yakuza who just suddenly appeared at her shop she accidentally bumped into him so she catches him and asks why was he in there and he says that he just came into the shop so the knee is showing where he hide the kita where he entered so the noun before knee is showing that location in this next example from ghost of tsushima two people are sitting atop a hilltop and they're planning their attack and they say that they will jump in the moment this gate is opened and so here knee is used to show the time that this action tobi komu takes place and so the instant the gate opens also from the same game after sneaking into the camp you can find some scrolls that have been sold to the mongols and so here we show a direction of that verb happening so when expressing the direction that something takes place you can also use e instead of knee to be very specific about the direction knee refers to the point of location but air is more focused on the direction so here from death stranding they are trying to decide how to deal with this body that they want to burn however it's too dangerous to go to the incinerator and so he says meaning incinerator and then e showing the direction to that place means it's more dangerous to go so going in that direction of the incinerator is more dangerous than any other option and so the big thing here is just air is focused about direction but knee is focused about the actual point of location [Music] another very useful expression using the knee particle is this means to go and do a certain verb here you need to turn the first verb into the verb stem so kai mas turning into kai and then turning kaimas shopping into kai-niiku to go to do shopping or here in octopath traveler you can see futaride with two people miwari knee on our rounds we will go so we will go together to do our rounds now you can actually also use with certain nouns that contain action to express that you're going to do that now now this i have not been able to find in any standard textbook however it is actually true you can use it with certain nouns that take on the suru form however not all nouns can be used so you must be very careful because there are no hard and fast rules as to which nouns of action you can use with ni'iku and which you can't for example you can say ski to go to travel these are all nouns but you cannot say to go soccer or go to do soccer and you can't say sports to go do sports you cannot say that is incorrect so a good idea is to make sure that you've actually seen the noun of action in use before trying to use it yourself or a nice little cheat around this is any noun of action which can also be turned into a pseudo verb for example [Music] or even simply and she after the noun and now you are completely worry free you can now use this with any noun that can also be used with suru if you just add shi ni so you can gemushiniku and saka shiniku all day long [Music] to decide to or to decide on this final use of knee in n5 grammar is to decide on something or to decide to do something now you can use this when you're at a cafe or a restaurant when you're asked what you'll have to drink for example you can reply back with the same grammar i'll have a coffee or literally i will decide on the coffee you can also use me suru to show what you decide to do like this iconic scene from sweeter than two where the two best friends rio and joey are about to jump off a cliff together to save their lives and they decide on meeting back here at this place in case anything goes wrong this is expressed here with kokoni to hear modotte kurukoto the thing of returning back nishio let's decide on and so you can see that this grammar pattern is very useful for showing your intentions on choosing to decide a certain thing or action [Music] the possessive particle another incredibly useful particle is the not particle this first usage is used when you want to express ownership or possession of one noun to another like for example my pizza ore pizza or his bike so here in ninja gaiden we have tosa no de in father's room so the first noun is usually the one that has the ownership or possession of that second noun a common translation you will see is this like father's room that is the [Music] um the verb nominalizer the nor particle is also incredibly useful for this cool sounding action normalizing verbs which just means turning verbs into nouns this is really useful because then we can talk about verbs as objects or topics rather than just actions that you do think of it kind of like ing in english i like walk is incorrect you just can't say that but i like walking you can and it's just like this in japanese if you say sample surugaski it's just incorrect you need this ing and so you need the not particle to turn that verb into a noun and so you would say sample suru noga ski it can also be used to express the thing or one that is the target of the verb for example the one that i ate the thing that i ate pizza da is pizza or like here in yakuza seven shinsoko horeteta noah the one that i was in love with from the bottom of my heart was a different woman so we have this horeteta noir the one that i loved betsy no nada it was a different woman [Music] to be bad doing something once you know how to nominalize a verb into a noun you can now use these next few phrases to talk about describing more information about doing that action here you can express being bad at doing a certain action so just like before you add the no to a verb like in this example from ella kids pokedex entry denki or tameru denki is electricity dengue or tamer means storing electricity and then we have no heter means doing that he is bad at so he's bad at storing electricity or a more natural way just to say that he's not good at storing electricity you can also use this in a positive sense with noga josu to be good at something so just like how heta says what you're bad at jawsu says what you're good at this is actually used to describe another's action as it contains slight connotations of praise so if you use it with yourself you will sound a little bit cocky like you're complimenting yourself and it's usually only used in a kind of jokingly brag if you're gonna use it about yourself but for speaking for others it is completely normal and very widely used perhaps you have been nihongo gajaw already or perhaps that day is still to come so here the example we have is talking of polygraph's ability to swim in heart gold and soul silver and so we have oyogu meaning to swim he is good at swimming if you are wanting to talk about your own skills in a more listening and less braggy manner you could do this with the higher level grammar tokui instead of josue [Music] meaning to like to show what you like doing so if you like studying japanese you could say benkyo no ski or you could simply drop the nor and talk about nouns that you like with gansky like i have already mentioned many times in this video about my love for pizza pizzagatsky or even pizzaga daisuki i like or even love pizza now in this example aerith is talking about don cornell's tastes in dresses referring to what she is wearing saying that he likes this kind of thing things like this is what he likes this grammar is used to explain a reason or reasoning for an action the reason is given before not de with the new action after for example amega futeta so the first part is explaining the reason why the second part happens so given that it was raining amiga futano this is more formal than kada and it's also very focused on explaining the reasoning and so when you see no there think about it explaining the reasoning of something just like in this example from persona 4 given that there will be an emergency staff meeting please return to the staff room as soon as possible this is a formal announcement made to all of the staff in the school that explains the reasoning why the teachers are to return to the staff room immediately it's because there's an emergency staff meeting and so think of this like the strongest form of showing because you're really explaining the reasoning for an action and really getting deep into it [Music] or the polite marker or honorific prefix so the honorifics or and go are incredibly common and widely used in all japanese that adds a level of politeness and honorifics to a word that you are using now this can make words more respectful more refined or even just a part of a word by itself it just is that way but often understanding the difference between the two can cause nightmares for some students this standard rule for or is that if a word uses the kun yumi reading which is the japanese reading for a kanji that means it appears in hiragana in your dictionary then it generally uses the op prefix take for example the following words all of these words use the or in front of the word to make the word more polite tarai is just a little rough but i is a very polite way of referring to the toilet and as you can see each example uses the kunyami or japanese reading and nigiru are all japanese words remember you can see this by it being written in hiragana in the kanji readings for the kanji so in this example where gohan is seeing his father turn super saiyan for the very first time he is surprised that it is his father and so he asks father note that tosan is the kunyami or japanese reading for this kanji torsan where the chinese or yomi would actually be fu that's how you read this kanji the first one there is actually fu not torso so gohan is a polite boy and so he is politely referring to his father when in shock seeing him turn into a super saiyan using the op prefix before torso and so next is go the other honorific prefix that is mostly used before on yomi or chinese readings of words and so just like what i said for the kunyami readings if you want to find out if a word is kunyami or onyomi the reading then all you need to do is look at the dictionary and it should be written in either hiragana or katakana if it's written in katakana that means it's kind of has an element of foreignness to it and that means it's a chinese origin word and that also means that you're highly likely to be able to use go in front of it to make that word more honorific like for example or go if you look up any of these words in the dictionary you will see that they all begin with the on yomi reading are all the chinese origin or onyami readings by using the gore honorific prefix in front of these words you are speaking of someone else's action or thing in a very respectful and honorific manner take for example kazoku family it's just the plain word for family there's nothing polite about it at all but if you add go it turns it into something like your honorable family and this language is actually far more useful than you might think especially in japanese society where being polite is incredibly important if you were to talk about someone else's family especially with someone that you're not close with you would want to use this go kazoku to be as polite as possible referring to their family and so seen used here in persona 4 where igor says igor speaks in a very formal manner and so it's appropriate that he uses gore in front of shokai for introduction to mean in a way something like thy honorable introduction so he makes the action of introducing more respectful and honorific by adding go before it in another example from dragon ball z we see goku using gozonji the honorific way of saying to know something now goku here is actually doing this after gaining a huge power advantage over frieza who just killed his best friend and so he's using this incredibly formal and honorific language as a kind of power move he is so above frieza right now that he belittles him by speaking to him arrogantly in the most polite way he can now normally this would be actually a really polite thing to do but goku is doing it on purpose to actually make him more distant from frieza also goku's normal way of speaking is kind of a little bit country hickish he doesn't really use keigor and the really polite language so the fact that he's doing it right now when he goes super saiyan is also adding that emphasis that he's like a different guy right now so as i said before this rule is the standard rule but that does not mean that it applies 100 of the time it is the general rule for how to use these prefixes and for the most part it is correct however there are certain exceptions and i could probably make an entire textbook just on explaining the usages of these two o and go and so i've kept it short and simple for this video but if you follow that hiragana and katakana you will be correct nine times out of ten [Music] the most simplest and easiest way of explaining this is to think of the object in a sentence as something that is the target of the verb in that sentence for example pizza is the action the verb to eat or shows exactly what i eat so what do i eat pizza pizza or so the word that comes before or is what i'm doing that verb to and so really in whatever situation you would like whatever is the target of the verb you can mark it by using the op particle after that noun throw a ball boru or like here in donkey kong country 2 hand over the bananas would be banana or yo meaning to hand over what are you handing over find the or particle to find out bananas please give me so this next grammar pattern actually uses the object marker followed by kudasai meaning please so we can already tell just by what we've already learned previously that you are asking for an object politely and that's exactly how this is used whenever you want to politely ask for something just put that noun in front of or kudasai and you're done so like here from final fantasy 12 vosler asks ash for some more time jikhan or kudasai please give me some more time and so you can see that the object doesn't need to actually be a physical object like bananas but it also works with abstract things like time just remember here that grammatically speaking the object marker means showing the target of the verb but or however so we have previously learned that demo is the casual way to say but or however in japanese and demo can be used at the beginning or middle of the sentence with commas however shikashi is the more formal and often written way of expressing the same thing and this form must be at the beginning of a new sentence so kyoto i love kyoto full stop end of sentence however kyoto's summer is very hot it's not usually used in spoken language unless it's for some kind of dramatic effect but it may be used in narration in telling a story for that very effect like seen here in the opening of zelda for the super nintendo here the story is being told that this seal keeping ganon at bay was expected to have never been broken again however sorera noted when these events all became that of legend so the narrator here is telling the story in a very dramatic way and sushkashi here fits more than demo would however for your normal conversation when you're talking with friends or family you would probably use something else not necessarily shikashi unless you were wanting to get that dramatic effect [Music] and and then after that and since then literally meaning from that sorder meaning that kada meaning from or after that it's one of the two ways in n5 japanese to introduce additional information in a sentence for example i ate pizza pizza or okay great but what next sorry kara and then i watched a movie egg so it refers to a previous action and then it continues the story with a separate action these actions take place independently of each other like seen here in ultra street fighter 4. seth talks about his plans becoming the ultimate power and so first he needs to do something but even after that sore kara demo it won't be too late to beat judy so you can see that these two events aren't necessarily closely linked but he is adding additional information to the story that he's telling [Music] us how [Music] another way of expressing the same thing as sore cutter and can often be used interchangeably is sochte however just note that sorekara is more focused on the continuation of events after the previous so the first event and then after that the next event occurs the two events are more independent of each other however with sochter it's more like and so i did this and then this sorcere and then this it's more continuous than sorte kara in terms of storytelling and it keeps the actions feeling like they are actually continuing and connected together and so here in final fantasy vi this sort there is used to keep the story events feeling related and close together the power of magic disappeared from the world and then for one thousand years people use the power of machines to bring the world back to life so the two events here feel very connected to one another thanks to sochter too much this next grammar is used to express when something is just too much you can use it with verbs and adjectives for verbs simply put them in the mass stem and remove the mass also known as the verb stem so tabemasu turning into tabe and then simply add sugito so if you wanted to say i ate too much it would be tabe sugita you can also put them with e and na adjectives you just need to remove the last e or remove the na and then add sugiru so atsui so here in this example from naruto ship with an ultimate ninja storm this character is saying that it's too dangerous to do something here seen with kiken kiken is another na adjective but the na has been removed and then add sugiru at the end to show that something is too dangerous you may also see this grammar point being contracted in the kansai dialect like seen here in persona 5 where the character speaks in a dialect from the kansai region in japan like osaka and kyoto and so when speaking in this dialect the sugiru actually turns into sugin now it's actually quite often in japanese media to usually include someone in the cast from the kansai region in that work as it adds this element of flavor to the character and it often has a connection to the huge comedy scene that stems from osaka which heavily uses this dialect of speaking and so a lot of people most people in japan are somewhat familiar with the kansai dialect even if they don't live there so here we have an expression where we can show that we have done a certain verb sometime in the past before now to do this we simply first need to put whatever verb we want to use in the plain past form for example to go literally the thing of doing it exists so here the thing or experience of going somewhere exists so have you been to japan you could say i have been to japan and so here in final fantasy vii where the group is about to enter the shinra headquarters the group asks if anyone knows anything about this place and barrack responds with my nikita i have heard about it before so this kita is the past form of kicker to hear so i have heard about it oh you have never done something before and so next is the complete opposite if you have never done something you can simply change aru from the previous grammar into nai meaning to not exist turning the expression into you have never done that verb before so here from 13 sentinels this girl says that she has never seen a thing like this except for in the movies meaning have never seen and we can also see in this example sentence that the ga particle can be dropped if you want to speak casually this works for the previous example as well so is an acceptable way of using these expressions casually as particles are often dropped in casual speech in japanese however the official polite and correct way of speaking is [Music] this next grammar point is really simple and really easy to use simply put whatever verb you want to do in the verb stem so i want to see me must turns into need time now this is usually only used in the first person when you're talking about yourself something you want to do but it can be used to talk about others if you're doing something like quoting what they said so in this example from xenoblade 2 rex is telling the enemy that he won't let them do what they want because homura has a place she wants to go now this is information that he heard from her previously and he's relaying that information to the enemy where he says she has a place that [Music] is a useful way of giving a list of various things it's best thought of as meaning things like it can be used with verbs nouns and adjectives for verbs simply put them in the past form and then add so kaimono i shopped into kaimono study i did things like shopping for nouns and now adjectives simply add da tadi after the noun or adjective so pizza data means things like pizza or hima means things like being free and with e adjectives you want to remove that final e and add kattari so being stuff like busy would be isogash so in this example from pokemon heart gold we can see it being used numerous times in one sentence so professor oak is listing all of these different things that we can do with pokemon ishoni we can do things like play together we do things like work and even do things like go to deepen and so you can list all of the verbs that you can do do things like this this and this however you can also use it just by itself in a sentence to simply mean things like the certain verb and you only need to use one so here from cyberpunk 2077 judy is saying that by doing this brain dance you can do things like kind of make you feel sick hear expressed with kibunka things like becoming feeling unwell here it's only used once but it still holds that feeling of perhaps there might be more things that it does it just hasn't been listed yet because teddy gives a list of things this or has been done by putting a verb in the te form followed by utter it makes it feel like something is done intentionally and you can see the resulting state of that action it's similar to using the past tense form but it's different in that it places emphasis on the action being done intentionally and that end result is still being visible so like here in final fantasy 8 wonders what's been written on this list of ciphers and he says what is it that has been written so here he's emphasizing the action of writing and also the result that's still visible on his list what has been written you could just say nani or kaita what did he write but this sentence is only focused on the action itself what did you write that's it rather than the resulting state of what has been written like with te aru so another example could be i opened the door so it refers to the action but if you want to refer to the state you could say the door is open you are now referring to that resulting state of the door being open an ongoing action or current state this is the progressive tense of a verb which shows that something is currently happening or on going like benkyo suru to study benkyo means i am studying it is a present and ongoing action this grammar point is incredibly useful to express something similar to ing in english where you are showing something occurring presently so this example from ghost of tsushima where shimura sama is looking for you this ing is expressed with sagashte edu currently searching now this example sentence is actually very simple and it only states shimura sama is searching it doesn't clearly state what for or who of it's just saying that he is searching however it is understood through context that he is looking for the guy that's being spoken to as is quite common in japanese you have to read things through context this next grammar point that's used with the tef form of verbs is te karda if you remember that kada means from so you could think of it as literally meaning from doing the verb or put in other words since doing that verb the two most common meanings are either after or since for example after i studied benkyo so it shows that after i did the first verb i did the next verb or like in this example from boku no nati we have okikunate kara you grew up this is the first time we have met hajimeter atta so you can see that te kara can be used for expressing after doing one verb you do another one or since doing a certain verb just make sure to put that verb in the tef form when you're doing this because if you put it in any other form it changes the meaning greatly [Music] is now asking politely for someone to do a verb because the te is the tef form of the verb perhaps one of the earliest japanese expressions that people learn in their textbooks is chottomate kudasai please wait a little bit so here matsu means to wait and choto is a little so put the verb in the tef form followed by kudasai please do please wait mate here in 13 sentinels a voiced announcement is asking residents to follow police instructions politely and so here shita gao means to obey or follow making meaning please obey or please follow the police's guidance so if you want to ask anyone to do a verb you simply put the verb into the tef form followed by kudasai now we have finally made it to that te what ikenai that i mentioned at the very beginning of this video so we saw the casual version of this with cha ikenai in the very first grammar point but this is that non-contracted version to say that you must not do something this is much more formal than cha ikenai and here it's being used by the mentally unstable cyborg ninja from metal gear solid here he says bukiya sobini you cannot rely on equipments and weapons so you could make this form even politer by changing that ni to masen so an incredibly polite and formal way of saying you must not do something would actually be verb um it's okay too now if we're wanting to just give or ask for permission to do something like is it okay we use tem or e in japanese this can be used with verbs nouns and adjectives you just need to put them in the te-form and then add more e so taberu to eat you want to ask if it's okay to eat just say or with nouns you add demo e like in what do you want to eat pizza is okay pizza demo so you turn the tempo into demo for nouns and with adjectives the same conjugation rules apply as we've seen many times before e adjectives drop the last e and replace with and then na adjectives function exactly the same as nouns so for example takai for expensive if you wanted to say it's okay even if it's expensive maybe you're going shopping you don't care about the price you would say even if it's expensive it's okay now you can also drop that more if you want to speak more casually which is exactly what's happening here in the example from final fantasy 9 where zidane tells vivi that it's okay to not refer to him with these sun suffixes in his name as it's just too formal for their relationship and he wants him to chill out and so he says it's okay to drop the formalities for me so yobe stare is removing all of those suffixes that you put at the end of the name so zidane's son just get rid of that you'll be there throw it away and then we have niche de correct means that you can do it for me it's okay what's this particle has three quite distinctive uses at the n5 level that are all very useful and widely used the first is simply used quite like and in english however tor is quite definitive so if you say i like pizza and pasta pizza pasta you really are saying that those two things are what you like you are not mentioning anything else or even the possibility of anything else you're just saying very definitively those are the two things you like like here in persona 5 igor again here is describing the place that you're in it's the place that exists between dream and reality [Music] spirit and matter [Music] so with this use of tor he is very definitively describing what this room is and it has to do with these four things that he mentioned and four things only can also be used to express doing something with someone like for example going somewhere with friends you would say go together with friends and that's exactly what's going on here in persona 4 where nanakov suggests that you go to school together with her and so this width is that tall particle and that's what you decide on doing and so you say that's together with nanako can also be lastly used as a kind of quote for something and it can describe for example how someone is called so here revolver ocelot from metal gear solid says to snake that he is referred to as revolver right he's called revolver and so he says i am referred to as so this tall is actually identifying exactly what he's being called [Music] so moving on to toki this expression means when or at a certain time and it can be used with verbs nouns and even adjectives talky with verbs you simply just put the verb in the casual form and attach toki like when i go to school or with nouns when i was 18 you do ju no toki so you add a naught particle before toki and with adjectives you just put them in their full form followed by toki so toki when i was young or na meaning to be free would be himana toki when i am free so here from final fantasy 15 we have the example sentence when you return home now this example is actually quite formal because they are royalty speaking but the core of this grammar is still quite clear after a verb you just add toki so the verb here is naru and you just add toki just make sure that the verb is in a casual form like with all grammar as politeness indicators are actually added at the end of a sentence like des and mas and you never mix them in between grammar in conjunction only at the end of a sentence [Music] this phrase is rather useful to express very in japanese usually it goes before an adjective or verb like totemo atsui it's very hot or totemo i am very tired the first of two examples that we have from video games is from persona 4. we're looking at the reaction of ichijo he seems very happy and so here we can see the text description saying he seems very happy coming before the adjective but it can also be used on its own quite similar to how very is used on its own in english so like the example here from witcher 3 where after saying that he wanted to meet with her he just says totemo meaning very much so you can say that i very much want to meet with you or you could just say i want to meet with you very much showing intention or a plan this next piece of grammar is used to show intention towards doing a certain action and you put it after the verb to show that intention or plan to do that verb so like these two examples first from cyberpunk 2077 where v asks evelyn does she really intend on doing the thing that will make her unable to keep living in the city and so we have yadu meaning to do and modi showing intention so do you really intend to do it [Music] or next from dragon ball z where freezer is fed up with goku raising his hands like he just don't care for almost 120 episodes and says how long do you plan to keep doing that it's a mother until when so stay do somebody do you intend on doing that in both of these cases we can see the focus of this grammar's point is to highlight the willingness and purposefully doing of an action so if you intend to watch this video one more time after you've finished you could say i intend to watch this video again so now we have finally arrived at the second of the two often confused particles in japanese the wah particle which is often confused with the previously mentioned ga particle so the y particle is known as the topic marker and it's written as ha but pronounced as and at its most simplest explanation it just shifts the topic of the sentence to what comes before the particle a definition that i personally love to use myself is speaking of or as for this covers close to 99 of all uses of this grammar particle when you want to specifically emphasize that you are talking about yourself you could say watashi watashiwa speaking of myself and you can also use this to set the topic for what follows so if you wanted to talk about the weather you could say tenkiwa and so on this introduces that topic to the listener so in this example here the boy is asked what grade he is in and the boy replies with watashi as for me or speaking of me i'm a third grader now of course there are more uses for this particle such as showing contrast and comparison and so on and if you want more of that detail make sure to check out my wire versus gar video where i cover it in full detail if you want to have more information but just for now think of gar as answering the question to who or what and wha is simply setting the topic for what you will now continue to [Music] so something is more adjective than another noun this next grammar point is used to show when one subject is more something than the other for example pizza is more delicious than salad you could say pizzawa sarada yori oishi so the topic of what you're talking about is set with the wa particle pizza and then the yodi is following the thing that you are comparing to here being and then after yodi comes the adjective so how you're actually comparing these two things here being oishii for delicious so pizzawa or like here in this example from star ocean 2 we have this character saying that dias is stronger than anyone else and so they say dia da de gori more more than anyone si strong to ask how a certain noun is or how it's going or how about for example how is this video kono dogawa dodeska i hope you're enjoying it so far and so the example we have here again is from metal gear solid and after seeing many people die after coming into contact with him snake is a little concerned about the well-being of how and so he asks as for your feelings the second to last particle that we have for this video is the ya particle now this is used very similar to the top particle to express and however this time the list is not definitive if you remember tor is speaking of what is mentioned and it only talks about those things however the particle ya is used to list multiple things and even imply that there are other items that could still be included in this list they just haven't been mentioned so in a way you can think of this more like things like something and rather than just simply and so if we used our previous example pizza pasta you could say i like things like pizza and pasta and there could even be more things that i like i'm just not listing them right now and so here from the final demo version of bravely default this character says that for those like royalty and nobility or zokuya kizoku those like royalty and nobility [Music] things like betrayal and conspiracy are commonplace so you can see here that he's not saying that betrayal and conspiracy are the only things that happen to nobility and royalty but he's saying that things like this are just commonplace there could be even more and there could also be more types of groups of people that fit in this group with royalty and nobility he's just listing these two right now so this yaw particle really has that feeling of there could be more than what's being listed so things like x and y dominant ending emphatic particle so a very fitting final particle to cover in this video as the your particle is used at the end of a sentence to add emphasis kind of like you know like if something is really yummy you could say hoisio it's really yummy you know or like from the trailer for final fantasy 16 here we have those assassin looking guys talking about making sure not to miss the target so don't mistake the target and then your added on the end to really put emphasis on the fact that he does not want it to happen right so like come on guys hey you know don't miss the target it's almost like adding an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence or saying hey or you know [Music] [Music] and now finally the last grammar for n5 and the last for this video is a yori bihorga adjective more than a b is what is more adjective so for this example more than textbooks i hope this video is what you found enjoyable i hope you found this video more enjoyable than textbooks more than textbooks this video is what is more i hope that it has been interesting so this grammar point can be used with verbs adjectives or nouns but just remember that when you're using it with nouns that a naught particle must come after the noun so just like my example that i gave the rest are all just there in their normal forms so like in this final example from final fantasy vii more than that sorry i wonder if it would be better to run away nige dashta so you can see here that the verb can be used in any form and you can actually compare anything you can compare an adjective to another adjective or a noun to another noun or a verb to another verb just make sure that you have the first one yori the second one and then whatever you're doing to describe that thing at the end and that is it you have now learned every single piece of n5 grammar that there is to learn so i've compiled numerous grammar lists from several different sources textbooks and the internet in making this video textbook for you in order for you to get the most complete picture of what you need to know at the n5 level as the jlpt doesn't actually release an official list of exactly what grammar you need to learn and so textbooks and websites they need to base all of their information and their lists off of just what was previously covered in past jlp tests that the company has released publicly for people to use for study material and since sometimes certain websites or books and lists they might be a little bit incomplete in fact when i was going through my searches almost every list was a little bit different and so i compiled all of them together in this one big video so you didn't miss out on anything and we even dipped our feet into a little bit more advanced grammar that was used in both the examples and the explanations throughout the process so i hope this textbook video was really useful for you and your japanese studies and i hope that you enjoyed the journey together with me and video games as we worked through each and every piece of grammar for the j o p t and five level if you like this kind of video please make sure to like subscribe leave a comment share the video with your friends to help the channel grow more and if you really love this kind of thing please check out my patreon page and see how you could directly support the channel from continuing to make this content that you enjoy and maybe even join a part of the community with our discord so thank you very much for watching good luck with your japanese studies and i'll see you again next time you