now we're going to talk about the tongue exclusively and so the tongue basically is found in the oral cavity and it has three functions first of all it moves food around to the teeth so that they can crush and chew and tear it I have the second function for the tongue as it begins deglutition the act of swallowing when it pushes the food up against the soft palate and then it has tastebuds for your sense of gustation okay so the sense of taste it's got nerves that will create the tastebuds all right so first of all when you look at the tongue you should always identify the three main specific areas of it okay so the three specific areas are the tip so you just divide it into thirds so the front part would be the tip the main part in the middle is called the fundus that means body our main part and then we have the root which is the back end on the root of the tongue so those are the three specific areas now what does the tongue attached to it goes and attaches to the hyoid bone which is underneath your mandible and that's where it attaches also the tongue is held up right in the oral cavity by the lingual frenulum which is dense rag and stratified squamous ET and that attaches to the mandible bone so that basically your tongue will not flip over or I'll flip back into your throat area the oral pharynx alright so now once you get those main areas identify what is the tongue made out of essentially it's covered with skin and so we have skin here purple on the outside is good old thin skin stratified squamous ET your epidermis what's underneath it's supporting it and surrender CT which is the orange of sort of a squiggly line and then here is what about the tongue there is a big huge area called the glossa muscle skeletal muscle under involuntary control or it would be voluntary control you'd control it what do you think your tongue does is a voluntary or involuntary why it's voluntary because you control its movements pretty much all the time right now when you're asleep do you really control it no but basically you'd still have to swallow so it does have an involuntary component to its control also all right so the glottal muscle right here is actually the hypodermis hypodermis is usually made out of what adipose see T but no it's replaced two by colossal muscle skeletal muscle and is controlled by cranial nerve number 12 and has its own nerve to control it from the brain and that's called the hypoglossal number twelve cranial nerve all right so that's the basic organization what the tongues made out of and also the tongue ghost have sweat glands in it it's amazing and has sweat glands in it because the tongue moves so much it wants to cool on the organ and so in your saliva you will have some sweat which is basically a pH of five also so you do have some sweat that's a component of your your saliva all right so those are those glands are called equine glands from a p1 with skin and so they're made out of simple cubic tea and they're gonna make the sweat the salty sweat all right so now another structure that's unique to the tongue are these projections so if you crush your tongue in the morning or whatever you brush it you're gonna find these little bumps on it and the bumps in the front on the apical surface in the top surface right here these little bumps are called papillae and so all of these are different shapes if you look towards the back they're bigger and thicker and then way in the back sometimes it can even look like spines or like hairs and so these are epidermal these are epidermal made on the epidermis basically the epidermis and the dermis and so they're called epidermal papillae okay and so one of these things strange structures do they basically grip your food and they have taste buds in them for your sense of taste and so there's three basic shapes that we have on our tongue if you have pets at home look at their tongues because they have these same shapes on their tongues but some of them predominate more than others and so always in the front we have these little round ones little round ones and they look like circles and they're very flat but they're called circumvallate papillae okay circumvallate papillae and we'll also see this for the captain when we do the dissection and lab then in the middle part in the fundus the main part we have ones that almost look like little morels are mushrooms and those are called fungible papillae because somebody thought they look like were pet morels and so a fungus and so then the last ones in the back their hair like and filiform always means hair like and so these are the filiform papillae so basically we're just gonna call them all papillae in our lab tests but in lecture now you know that we have three different shapes and they all have taste buds in the dermis of the in right there right and so what makes your taste buds well basically we have three nerves coming from the brain cranial nerve five which is the trigeminal number seven the facial and then we're nine the glossopharyngeal and so those are going to come down and then they come into the tongue and then they make these little brown structures and the dermis of the skin and those are your taste buds and so those are the dendrites just waiting for your food to come in there and stimulate them all right so if you have some food back hair here's your Snickers again your Snickers I'm so here comes the nice chocolate it will diffuse through the skin and then when it comes and hits the taste bud it creates electricity and then the electricity will go back up to your brain and say basically it will go up to the cerebrum into the bridal lobe and it will say what you're eating and so it says keep eating it because it's delicious stuff Snickers and so basically the parietal lobe will store and interpret your sense of taste gustation good station okay and so know that's where they all go so nerves 5 7 & 9 come in here and they branch off and they go up into these papillae to make your taste buds and so basically the juices from your foods have to go in here diffuse in and then hit the dendrites and that creates feeling today to send it back up to your brain and tell you what you're eating and to keep eating it and stores it for the next time so that when somebody surprises you with the Snickers and you don't know it then you can say oh that's a snicker right so that's all stuff start up in the mainframe that pride alone all right so basically that's the anatomy and physiology of how the tongue works and how was put together it's pretty simple and straightforward and that would be it for the tongue