Lecture on John Donne's Poem "The Flea"

Introduction

• John Donne: Most famous of the metaphysical poets (named by Samuel Johnson).
• Metaphysical poetry features:
  • Use of conceits (intriguing, unconventional metaphors).
  • Themes of physical desire vs. religious righteousness.
  • Unusual rhyme schemes, ambiguity, double entendre.
• Context: Written during a time of civil war, religious fervor, and moral conflict.

Metaphysical Poetry Concepts

• Memento mori: "Remember you must die" - reflect on life's transience.
• Carpe diem: "Seize the day" - life is for living, enjoy it without regrets.

"The Flea" Overview

• The flea is used as a metaphor for the mingling of two lovers' blood.
• Speaker argues that mixing bodily fluids in a flea is akin to sexual union.
• Poem explores themes of lust, religion, and societal norms.

Analysis of the Poem

• Stanza 1:
  • Flea bites speaker and potential lover.
  • Uses mingling blood to argue against the shame or sin of physical union.
  • Tone: Speaker is frustrated and uses exaggerated logic.
• Stanza 2:
  • Speaker argues to spare the flea, presenting it as a symbol of their union.
  • Use of religious imagery: Flea compared to a marriage bed and temple.
  • Introduces idea of sacrilege in killing the flea.
• Stanza 3:
  • Lover kills the flea, thinking she triumphs in argument.
  • Speaker counters that killing the flea was insignificant, likening it to losing honor in physical union.

Themes and Symbols

• Flea as Metaphor: Represents triviality of denying physical desires.
• Religious Imagery: Elevates the argument to spiritual reasoning.
• Irony and Feminist Perspective: Despite the speaker’s manipulative argument, the woman retains agency by acting and making the final decision.

Structure and Form

• Poem utilizes AABBCCDDD rhyme scheme.
• Alternates between iambic tetrameter and pentameter.
• Logical progression in argument through structured verse.

Conclusion

• "The Flea" masterfully juggles themes of spirituality and erotic desire.
• Reflects broader themes in Donne's work, combining wit with deep philosophical inquiry.