hello and welcome to you mishandle of grammar in this video we'll be exploring some of the central ideas at the heart of John Donne poem to sleep so John Zion is the most famous poet in a category coined by Samuel Johnson as the metaphysical poet's metaphysical poems you conceits or intriguing and unconventional metaphors to illustrate their point so in our poem we have a fully used to illustrate why two people should get together a major theme that resonates across duns work is the tension between physical desire and religious righteousness now these two ideas so you opposed to us today but at the time that Dunn was writing people were actually fighting for their religious virtues there was a civil war going on in the background the idea to be passionate about physical desire and passionate about religion we're not actually opposed to tool other features of metaphysical poetry though are unusual rhyme schemes Sumer that's ambiguous and double entendre there are two other concepts that denote themselves from Latin I'd love us to consider as well because they echo throughout the medical physical poets are fiddling with you in future videos so the first is called memento mori and it translates from the Latin as remembered s or remember you have to die and it really stands for a medieval Christian theory of reflection on the transience of life and mortality that you will die you have to die and when you die you will no longer be able to do what you can do as you are living so a long cider is a twinned coupled concept called carpe diem it translates from the last in our clock today but we commonly say seize the day and really is saying well memento mori move you you will die the carpe diem you life is for living so have no regrets enjoy each day make the most of it or you might be thinking oh hang on a minute how's that linked to a flea well the speaker we have has been victim bias Lee and has his potential lover he then uses the fact that their blood is mingled in the flea as part of in rationale for discussing why their bodily fluids could just mingle some more wide leaping together as the lover seeks to kill the flee from stanza 2 onwards we hear the speaker tried to dissuade her by stating that if she does she'll be killing herself him the three and the institution of marriage sounds pretty serious well by starting stanza three she kills the flee and perhaps assumes like us that might kill the conversation with our with our speaker in fact she's wrong our speaker revised the hopes behind his erotic desire by reminding her that if she did not suffer by the flee being killed in the first place when their bloods mingled inside the pearly shiny not rejecting the pleasure of their bodily fluids mixing by them having sex pretty grim but let's get gritty into the actual game so Marx bought this flee and mark in this how little that vowel deniers to me is it sucks to me first and now sixteen and in this free are two gloves mingled be down lowest that this cannot be said a sin nor shame nor loss of Maidenhead yet it enjoyed before at womb and pampered swells with one blood made of two and this alas is more than we would do so we begin with my dramatic look at this flee marked up and it's constantly referring in the first two lines how trivial this plea is it's a little but in an all part of the logic behind the exaggeration within this poem okay the speaker intends to prove that it intended lover is dramatic by the nine whom sexual favor and so by saying we'll look at it this bleak and suck blood from you and you know it's completely unfair now the repetition is sucked in line three is quite pertinent because the repetitions at birth suggests excitement he's excited that this flee is pulled third line and here's yet also by line for the verb mingled signals really quite renewed fascination in plenty even arousal at their blood mingling aside Italy now by line five is obvious to us as readers now what he's seeking and it's not a love it's lust okay and the fact that he tries to talk way the idea of sin or shame or loss of Maidenhead has nothing to worry about in an age where religious virtue and purity was everything to live for I think this would be a very unconvincing argument yeah and the argument is he's comparing their blood being mingled inside this fleet to sex and saying well why shouldn't it be any different if our bodies mingle just like there are bloods of mingled inside Italy we shouldn't be scared of that more than anything we can definitely hear the anger and resentment of the poet oh sorry this speaker and as we continue to to read on this stanza the speaker complains really quite jealousy at the injustice of the insects that gets to enjoy her before wooing her and I think the use of pampered swells in the penultimate line of this stanza really exacerbates the idea it's fustrated okay that this this plea is growing in size and because it's taking away her blood and the drama really echoes in the fine line this stanza last is more like a traumatic language of a last really amplifies his frustration how restrained he is expected to be whenever you get all that it wants without any question oh say three lies in 1/3 spare where we almost named more than married are this flee as you and I and this our marriage bed and marriage temple is the parents grudge and you we are met and cloistered in these living rules of jet so use make you at the kill me let not to that self murder at it be and sacrilege three sins and killing three so from the start of standard to the speaker seeks to save the flee in fact the speaker cert that by saving the free they preserve their fluids that mingle inside it and interestingly enough the humor of our speaker is very much intending to sort of highlight once or more that he and a potential lover have been intimate through literally they should see that something really special they shouldn't want to lose it and I think the overtones of religious imagery really help amplify that so now it isn't just a normal annoying little flea this flea is now holy okay and the acknowledgement here at the start of the stanza with an acknowledgment of the Trinity with three lies in 1c and really emphasizes that this is not just their bloods mingling this is almost a spiritual union and heightened by line for in this stanza where from our marriage bed your marriage temple and the repetition of marriage and more than marriage that has in mind - now I think it's important to acknowledge at the time unlike a marriage with God as they would have seen it a third component to a happy marriage between husband and wife the third component here is in fact a flea so it's very playful I always think that there is a moment in this stand that really acknowledges potentially this man has tried before and not one this woman's heart and I think if though parents garage and you we are next so that's a sign you've gone there it hasn't worked out and here he is still trying it and I don't know the dramatic scenario that's presented to us in this poem is really unclear but potentially one interpretation is that enclosed is means living all the jet click me up there alone in the dark together it's quite creepy moment if that's the case or it could just still be living out the idea that they're in this sleep I think that by the end of this stanza it's quite emphatic we get the impression that this woman is incredibly frustrated by here both points the evidence of the disdain is though you may make you apt to kill me it's really like right well you want to be done with me and that serious disdain additionally though the emphatic nature of his plea that not only would she be telling Miss Lee herself and him and the idea that that is sacrilegious because Italy is now holy is heightened once more the speaker has to remind her not to kill the flee because it would be like serious and like murder though as we read on that doesn't stop her cruel and sudden hath thou since purple by nail in blood of innocence we're included flee guilty be except in that drop which it sucks from me yet now try on stand save that found find is not myself nor me the weaker now tis true then learn how old fears be just so much honor when thou yields to me will waste oh this sees death took life from me so started stand three the fee is killed by the potential lover and in fact that we've seen that she seemed quite triumphant having won over his logic by killing missed flee and I think that said when when he says thou trial stand say is that thou unfortunately though she hasn't got much to triumph over because our speaker rejects her sentiments and here the argument is it came with me is nothing what should your loss of honor thee you just killed something what your honor to you if you've done that I've been more than anything the last two lines really focus on how the speaker seeks to get the file wedding the free course you go home so why should you worry about physical contact with me causing you harm and like you're clearly quite reckless why should you mind ultimately though this poem ends on quite an ironic end okay feminists like myself might know that this woman has the final say on what happened next ultimately we don't hear from her but the only power our speaker has is the power of argument not of action on a final note the structure of this poem really keeps the logic of his argument in action we see the a a BB CC DDD form in action whenever coupler we get this new idea and it interesting that lines alternate between eight syllables of course I am Victor transfer and I am bit pentameter which is tentacles two lines it's interesting that each stanza opens and closes why the iambic tetrameter ultimately this is a very thought-out manipulative arguments and perhaps its most interesting metaphysical traits is the way it juggles is spirituality with its erotic desire which is very much the sentiment that we see a lot of John Long's poetry