Hello! Welcome to Japarrot! Today's topic is '家族(かぞく) - family'. Let's do some listening practice! First, let's just watch a short story without subtitles. And then, watch the same story again. This time, I'll explain all the important Japanese words and phrases. Well then, let's start! I'm home. Welcome back. She is my mother. How do you do? How do you do? I'm Midori. Please (come in). Excuse me for interrupting you. This is my room. Oh! Who is she? She is my younger sister. How do you do? I'm Midori. How do you do? I'm Tomi. How old are you? I am 7 years old. You are young! How old are you? I am 5 years old. Eh...? You are younger than me...? I'm home! Welcome back! Are you a (Tamao's) older brother? No, he is my father. Eh! ? Tamao's father? You look cool! What? Really? Thank you! I'm home. Welcome back. This is a greeting as a response to 'ただいま'. 'おかえりなさい' is politer than 'おかえり'. (She is) my mother. The word '母(はは)' means 'mother', and it's used when talking about your own mother to other people. How about the word 'お母(かあ)さん'? Yes, that's the other word for 'mother'. 'お母(かあ)さん' is used when speaking to your own mother directly, or referring to someone else's mother. So you need to add 'さん' to be polite? That's right! But when you are talking about your own family to other people, we don't use 'さん' to your own family, and call them differently, such as '母(はは)'. Oh~! Excuse me for interrupting you. This is used as a greeting when entering someone's home. This is my younger sister. If you are referring to someone else's younger sister, the word '妹(いもうと)さん' is used. How about 'younger brother'? Oh, younger brother is called '弟(おとうと)', or '弟(おとうと)さん'. If you are speaking to your own younger sister or brother directly, we just call their names. Hey hey, Tomi! What? You are younger than me? 年下(としした) means 'younger', and '年上(としうえ) means 'older'. They are used in the sentence like this... My younger sister is 3 years younger than me. Are you an elder brother? 'お兄(にい)さん' means 'elder brother', referring to someone else's brother. If you are talking about your own brother to other people, '兄(あに)' is used. How can I call my elder brother if I'm talking to him? In that case, 'お兄(にい)ちゃん' is commonly used rather than 'お兄(にい)さん'. '兄貴(あにき)' is also commonly used when younger brother calls his elder brother. Is that so. How about 'elder sister'? Someone else's elder sister, we call 'お姉(ねえ)さん'. If you are talking about your own sister to other people, '姉(あね)' is used. How can I call my elder sister if I'm talking to her? In that case, 'お姉(ねえ)ちゃん' or '姉(ねえ)さん' are commonly used. Oh~. No, he is my father. '父(ちち)' means 'father', and it's used when talking about your own father to other people. Now I know! 'お父(とう)さん' is used when you are speaking to your own father, or referring to someone else's father! Ah, you're right! Midori-san, you are amazing! When you are used to the rule, it's quite simple! Let's recap the lesson! If you are talking about your own family to other people, '母(はは)', '父(ちち)', '妹(いもうと), '弟(おとうと)', '姉(あね)' and '兄(あに)' are used. If you are referring to someone else' family, 'お母(かあ)さん', 'お父(とう)さん', '妹(いもうと)さん', '弟(おとうと)さん', 'お姉(ねえ)さん' and 'お兄(にい)さん' are used. Great job! Thank you for watching until the end! See you again in the next lesson! See you later!