[Music] right good day Learners and Welcome to our next module module 1.2 of your grade 11 cat curriculum where we are talking about input and output devices now um this is a fairly long module so I'm going to be breaking this up into this first video where I deal just with input and then the next video will deal with output um because I see in our content as well we are going to look at input we're going to look at output we're going to look at interactive whiteboards input and output for physically challenged users so let's see how fire up with this one I might do all of this and then yeah we'll see we'll see how we can split it up right so input remember when we talk about input we are talking about giving instructions to the particular device so it provides running software with instructions on what to do next input can be data that must be processed data that is input may need to be used immediately or it may need to be stored for processing later so let's look at some of these input devices first of all in input we have image capture what does this mean this means you are you are taking a picture of something right you are capturing an image so picture data has become increasingly important in the way we use computer and what do we use um digital cameras mostly in the form of smartphone cameras we have digital compact cameras and then the larger ones these ones these big ones our DSLR and when we talk about a DSLR camera we're talking about one where you can detach the lens and attach another one okay so don't forget that if we talk about a point and shoot digital camera we're talking about these ones okay so let's let's not forget that right let's look at our digital camera we know there are advantages it allows you to take many photos you can see the image immediately and you can easily transfer that to your computer no hassle there right but there are certain specs that determine the quality so what I'm saying to you here is when you go out to either buy a DSLR camera point and shoot digital camera or you even looking at the camera on your smart phone you need to ask these questions okay what sort of lens does it have the sensor size the optical zoom the digital Zoom the resolution the iso rating and don't worry we're going to be going through each one of these so you understand what is actually been said here but these are the things you need to be um asking when it comes to purchasing a particular digital camera obviously it's going to depend on what you're going to be doing with it then we have scanners now we know what our scanner does this is an input device that scans images to a computer um especially with our flatbed scanner here it converts a hard copy of let's say a document image whatever it is into digital format um we've got barcodes photos documents 3D objects we've got our Barcode Scanner here as well but what is important and we know what a scanner is and what a scanner does but do you see that we're talking about quality here we're talking about image quality when we looked at our digital camera the specs that determine the quality please this is important now with our scanner the quality is determined by two things our resolution now the software allows you to specify the resolution the higher this number is the higher the number the the DPI is the dots per inch the better the image quality is going to be however please remember like with your phone the higher the quality of the image that you are you know taking uh picture with the larger the resulting image file is going to be so it's nice to take a um very high quality pick but just understand that it's going to result in a large size or file size as well then we've got the color depth so we've got our resolution then the color depth the number of different colors that can be represented by a particular pixel so when you see them talking about 24-bit color they're saying it's about 16.7 million different colors and that is high enough for practical purposes the higher again do you see what's happening here the higher the color depth the larger the resulting image file same as this okay so it's beautiful to have high numbers in terms of your color depth and your resolution um you know that your your pixel can give you so many different colors beautiful but just understand it's going to result in Fairly large images okay so when we when it comes to and I'm just going to give you this tip when it comes to advantages and disadvantages please you don't have to know everything but know at least two of each and this applies to anything so just two and you should be fine all right so advantages we can take large documents scan them into a single digital file this allows us to have electronic copies stored digitally we can scan copies that can be email directly and this is probably the most important bit and something that gets asked in every exam where they talk about scanners the OCR software this is optical character recognition software um what is it used for it's used on documents containing text scann as images to convert these images into editable documents so this piece of software allows you to scan in a document and edit it old documents can be scanned in uh barcode scanners are good for libraries and point of sale QR codes connect to websites quickly so you can use any of these I mean even when you get stopped by the um traffic cops on the road they can scan your number plate scan your your ID your driver's license any of these things so there are a lot of them being used around unfortunately um especially if you are scanning a lot of pages or like a book um it can take a lot of time and this is the big one the quality of the digital image depends largely on the original hard copy so the hard copy is all crumpled up and torn and things like that well then that's what you're going to get as an image as well okay then we have biometric input so this is where we are now using a biological feature that we have our fingerprints our voice um our eyes you know any anything like that and there they mention capturing unique biological features of a person so what do these scanners do they read and recognize any part of you that's biologically unique fingerprint Iris I mean guys most of you have this on your smartphones where you're using your fingerprint instead of a code now here we can see a few examples here's your fingerprint scanner and that's with your phone or with a device like that some people use it to some companies end up using these things um for timekeeping purposes at work this is one where it is scanning your iris this is another one where it's scanning your entire face a lot of us are familiar also with voice recognition especially with um technology within the home where you can say you know Alexa switch the lights on you know Google I'm looking for this things like that so that's all um under your biometric input now again we're going to go through some of advantages and disadvantages again you only need to know like two of these so the main advantage is security um defeating it is very difficult and only the authorized person will get in but something like this is going to be expensive to implement maintain and use and it will probably need additional hardware and software that's sometimes not included we also have input at ATMs which gets its input from you the user through through the PIN code through menu choices um other input can come through the card reader the the network connection the touch screen the money count all of these things again there are certain advantages you can Bank any time of day or night you're not limited to your own bank but they don't tell you how you are charged for that so be careful um your disadvantages are yeah um you know one of the things that really gets me with an ATM is an ATM at night seems to be on its own little island in the middle of nowhere and there's just like one light that lights up the ATM it's it's a dangerous story especially late at night uh you have card schemers that get installed you've got you know these criminals that are there to try and steal your money um at the ATMs as well so just be careful with that then we have input into our what's that POS it's our point of Sal system now we're talking about the shops all right they use barcodes and RFID radio frequency identification tags these are used to recognize a product or item the barcode scanner will scan the barcode the RF id tags store data on the tag or card and it's detected wirelessly and here's an example of the two right um we see today all so the the QR codes um being used as well right so they are there to achieve two main goals faster processing at pay points imagine if everything had to be written down at a tll when you get there and they have to look up the records in a book to see the price of various things can you imagine how long that would take and it's therefore better stock control so that's the main purpose behind all of this so we can have a look at how all of this works and we can see our little I don't know why the ID guy has to look like that but anyway um our stock control we see that this individual ensures the item description quantity for the barcode RF id code allocates the price monitors the stock quantity the the whole idea of a system like this is that from our servers and and this is why today no matter which branch of a particular store you go to they can access your information so if you go to Woolworth's um in PE and you buy something you can actually go and exchange it if you are at a wwor store in Johannesburg because they are all linked um and your details are shared throughout the various stores because of systems like this that they have in place now there are advantages faster typing in with the prices prices are updated more accurately stock control is done much much much better but when the system is offline like when load shed in first hit it was difficult for a lot of these shops to function and you can imagine the equipment is expensive as well okay so these are just some of the things we need to know over there again this was with our nearfield communication and I'm throwing these things in as a reminder as a reminder um some of the smartphone phones and I know some of you are busy with these things um have an additional radio technology called NFC our nearfield communication which we spoke about previously mainly used for processing and I'm just giving you another picture so you can see this technology and the reason why I'm including this is because we now using this near field communication in our point of sale right remember what are you doing you are taking your phone you are scanning it there you are inputting your details right um touch screens we know are also input devices please remember a touchcreen is both an input and output device okay input and output uh we know our advantages of our touch screens it allows more screen space um we can immediately touch and you know control certain things very intuitive I mean we see two or three year olds using these things it allows for natural input um especially where drawing and gestures are concerned now it's not as fast or easy as using a physical keyboard oh can become dirty oily smudged broken scratched damaged have a look at your smartphone you'll see what I mean okay um then we also have data collection devices so meter readers to capture water readings um data collection devices that monitor the patient's temperature heart rate blood pressure all input weather Boys in in the oceans collect data on weather conditions um they can be used to monitor temperature pressure humidity in controlled environments all of these different things these are data collection devices the the point of this device is to just collect the specific data that they need now um it's captured automatically using certain senses it's obviously more accurate than human beings and it can be captured a lot faster but but again these sensors can fail and only sensor detectable data can be collected so if it's if the Sens is there to monitor your um heart rate or your blood pressure right it can't detect your sugar level right it's only meant to do one thing and these devices can be difficult and expensive to update just look at some of the hospitals that we have that don't even have this equipment because yeah not going there but it's it's very expensive to have these things we can also have input into smartphones and consumer tablets right how is that done through the touchcreen through hardware buttons through camera video ACC o accelerometer please people please the accelerometer um this is a feature where I can turn my smartphone let's say over on into like a landscape View and the image will then rotate that way as well um there have been talk of alternative keyboards things like our virtual keyboards um a keyboard that's supposed to be able to be projected onto a surface um using LED lights and then I can actually type on that surface in order to have that input go um into the particular device yeah it hasn't been something that's that's really been utilized but that's what they wanted to do with alternative keyboards we also have alternative input devices like game controllers and game pads um they are handheld input devices designed to connect a user to a computer or gaming system I don't even have to say anything further over there we've also got our VR controllers that allow users to explore the virtual world environment and pick up or manipulate virtual objects so this is also input right these are alternative input devices