Notes on Lecture on Perceptional Error

Introduction

• Today's topic name: Perceptional Error
• Discussion about errors occurring in perception

What is Perceptional Error?

• Whenever we perceive something and there is a mistake, it is called a perceptional error.
• If something takes us away from reality, it is considered a perceptional error.

Main Types of Perceptional Errors

1. Stereotyping

   • Forming generalized negative or positive assumptions about a group or category.
   • Example: A woman resigning from a managerial position, leading to assumptions about all women.

2. Horn Effect

   • Drawing conclusions based on one negative quality of a person.
   • Example: Assuming overall negative character based on someone smoking.

3. Halo Effect

   • Forming a general opinion based on one characteristic of a person.
   • If a person possesses a positive trait, we assume them to be entirely positive.

4. Recency Effect

   • Making decisions based on new or recent information.
   • Example: Giving prominence to current achievements in elections.

5. Primary Effect

   • Making decisions based on initially received information.
   • Initial information is given more importance.

6. Similar to Me Effect

   • People tend to favor those who are like them and hold positive perceptions about them.
   • This leads to ignoring talents.

7. Self-Serving Bias

   • Attributing success to internal factors while blaming external factors for failures.
   • Example: Taking credit for a good photo and blaming others for a bad one.

8. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

   • Performance drops due to preconceived negative assumptions.
   • A teacher's negative expectations can influence students' performance.

Conclusion

• These perceptional errors influence our thinking and decision-making process.
• Better understanding and awareness can help us avoid these errors.
• Appealing to subscribe to the YouTube channel.