European Companies and the British Expansion in India

Introduction

• European companies' arrival in India
• Establishment of factories and beginning of fortification
• Multiple battles among European companies
  • Battle of Swally, Battle of Bidera, Battle of Chinsurah, and the Battle of 1676
• Success and dominance of the British East India Company over other European companies (Dutch, French, Portuguese)
• British expansion policy: the quest for Diwani Rights and political control in India

British Expansion in Bengal

• British battles in Bengal: Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar
• Treaty of Allahabad (1765): British gain Diwani rights in Bengal, Orissa, and Bihar
• Diwani Rights: Control over tax collection

Conflicts with Marathas

• Anglo-Maratha Wars: First, Second, and Third
• Important treaties with Marathas: Treaty of Surat, Treaty of Pune, Treaty of Salbai
• Discussed in detail in previous videos

Anglo-Mysore Wars

Rise of Mysore

• Formation of Mysore Kingdom in 1565 after Battle of Talikota
• Vijayanagar Empire's disintegration into small independent states
• Foundation of Wadiyar Dynasty: Established by Yaduraya Wadiyar in 1399
• Rise of Hyder Ali to power in 1761, deposing Devaraja and Nanjaraja
• Hyder Ali's conflicts with Marathas and Nizam

First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769)

• Background: British desire for a transport and communication route between Bengal and Carnatic region
• Miscommunication between British and Nizam regarding the Nizam's territories
• Formation of alliances: British, Carnatic Nawab, Nizam of Hyderabad vs. Hyder Ali, Marathas
• British failure and Treaty of Madras (1769)
  • Restoration of each other's territories and prisoners

Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784)

• Breach of Treaty of Madras by British
• British capture of Mahe (a French trading post within Mysore territory)
• Alliance formation: Hyder Ali with Marathas and Nizam vs. British
• Battle outcomes: Defeat of British forces, Treaty of Mangalore (1784)
  • Restoration of captured territories

Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792)

• Conflict trigger: Fortification of Travancore by Tipu Sultan
• Formation of alliances: British, Nizam, Marathas vs. Tipu Sultan
• British strategy to capture Bangalore and siege Srirangapatna
• Treaty of Srirangapatna (1792): Significant territorial losses for Mysore, humiliation for Tipu Sultan
  • Territories divided among British, Marathas, and Nizam
  • Tipu Sultan's sons taken as hostages for unpaid war indemnity

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799)

• Tipu Sultan's international alliances with French, Napoleon, and others
• Lord Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance policy
• Battle outcome: British, Nizam, Marathas vs. Tipu Sultan
• Capture of Srirangapatna, eventual death of Tipu Sultan
• Treaty conditions and division of Mysore among British allies
• Return of the Wadiyar dynasty under subsidiary alliance

Examination Relevance

• Focus on SSC, MTS, PSC, and other exams.
• Recap of previous years' questions and important treaties.
• Importance of understanding historical alliances, battles, and treaty outcomes.

Conclusion

• The systematic British expansion through strategic wars and treaties
• The decline of other European and Indian powers due to British dominance

Recommended Actions

• Revise notes and treaties for exam preparations
• Use available resources like PDFs and videos for clarity
• Active participation in question attempts for better understanding

Question of the Day

• Where is Tipu Sultan’s tomb located?

Answer in the comments below.