Curriculum and Curriculum Development Lecture Notes

Definition of Curriculum

• Curriculum is the totality of a learner's experience from waking up to falling asleep.
• It includes a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills.
• It serves as a guide for educators to ensure rigorous academic experiences for all students.

Curriculum Conception and Categories

• Mrs. Cruz's conception of curriculum as a cumulative tradition of organized knowledge is categorized as experience.
• Changes in learners occur due to school experiences, including interactions with teachers and peers.

Psychological Basis of Curriculum

• Not all viewpoints about knowledge to be learned are considered a psychological basis for curriculum.
• Psychological basis provides a framework for curriculum development tailored to students' needs in specific grades.

Sociology's Contribution to Curriculum

• Sociology contributes by defining the nature of aims in curriculum planning, based on cultural beliefs and societal expectations.
• Factors such as cultural beliefs, societal norms, and traditions influence curriculum development.

Examples of Curriculum Aims and Goals

• Developing patriotism and nationalism is an example of a broad curricular aim.
• Aims define the purpose without specific criteria of achievement.

Functions and Importance of Aims

• Aims guide curriculum development, including subject selection, lesson objectives, and organization of content.
• Aims are crucial for guiding both the instructional and evaluation processes.

Curriculum Components

• Key components include instructional processes, curriculum evaluation, and development.
• Curriculum development involves planning, selecting, and organizing content, and evaluating its effectiveness.

Curriculum Design and Organization

• Correlated curriculum design involves horizontal balance, which integrates and connects different subjects.
• Broad field curriculum design aims to reduce subject fragmentation and promote synthesis.

Philosophical and Psychological Foundations

• Philosophy guides the planning, implementing, and evaluating of curriculum by providing a framework of beliefs and values.
• Psychological foundations help understand learners’ needs, emotions, and interests, influencing curriculum development.

Curriculum Planning and Evaluation

• Effective curriculum planning involves evaluating at all stages to ensure continuous improvement.
• Needs assessment helps define desired educational outcomes and guides curriculum adjustments.

Instructional Technology and Learning Models

• Educational technology should facilitate learning, not just be aesthetically pleasing.
• Constructivism focuses on learners constructing knowledge through personal experiences.

Learning Models and Multiple Intelligences

• Different learning models help develop higher-order thinking skills, such as through resource-based projects.
• Understanding various learning styles and multiple intelligences, such as logical-mathematical and existential, helps tailor the educational approach.

Historical and Cultural Influences on Curriculum

• American educational system has significantly influenced the Philippine educational system, introducing the English language as a key component.
• Curriculum planning is deeply rooted in cultural considerations, aiming for a holistic development approach.