welcome back we talked in the previous lecture about how at Xerox Park Allan Kay and others created a beautiful graphical user interface a very intuitive way for humans to interface with their computers to connect with their computers to be able to give it commands and understand what the computer was saying without having to understand all those command line prompts well well Xerox never really did much with its human computer interface but in this lecture the Third on human commuter interfaces we're going to look at how Apple was able to take advantage of that and a very famous visit few visits actually by Steve Jobs and his team at Apple to Xerox Park there's the interface on the zerox star that has a wonderful graphical user interface design and Xerox wanted to invest money in apple they wanted to buy shares of stock in Apple and Steve Jobs uh struck a deal with them he said I'll let you invest a million dollars in apple if you'll open up the kimono at zerox Park and show you know the all the things they were developing so in December 1979 Steve St jobs and some of his colleagues at Apple pay three visits to Xerox Park to look and see what they had when they finally show off the graphical user interface to Steve Jobs he starts hopping around very excited he looks carefully he puts his nose right up to the computer screen so he can see exactly how each pixel Works how the pixels make uh designs and graphics on screen he said he was hopping around so much said one of the people there I don't know how he actually saw most of the demo but jobs immediately realized that this was going to be the way to have it easy for humans to interface with their computers he said to the zerox executives you're sitting on a gold mine I can't believe that zerox is not taking advantage of this and later he told me in an interview was like a veil lifting from my eyes I could see what the future of computing was going to be uh in the lore about that visit uh it was that uh apple stole the graphical user interface uh from Xerox not exactly true because they had actually paid or struck a business deal in order to be able to see it and use some of the ideas that had come out of Zero's Park but Steve Jobs likeed to perpetrate the notion that they had stolen it out from under the nose of Xerox as he once famously said Picasso had a saying good artist copy great artist steal and we have always been Shameless about stealing great ideas in fact though um what really happened was that Xerox had no clue with what what it had what it was going to be able to do with it and apple was able to improve it and make it work sometimes the vision like the vision that Xerox Park had for a graphical user interface is the important thing but sometimes Vision Without execution is just hallucination and that's what happened at zerox Park they had the vision but they didn't have the execution as Steve said to me Steve Jobs said to me in one of the interviews uh I had with him he said they were copy or heads who had no clue about what a computer could do they just grabbed defeat from Victory Xerox could have owned the entire computer industry in fact uh not only did Steve Jobs and apple execute on the vision they very much improved it zerox didn't believe in Simplicity they had a mouse that had three buttons on it Steve Jobs went to a local design firm in Palo Alto and said I want a single button Mouse just one button one click instead of costing $300 like the one for the Xerox Alto the one Steve had made cost $15 and Xerox par you couldn't really do what you do on computers dragging a window and dropping it putting a phone fer inside of a window putting a document inside of a folder all that dragging and dropping the Xerox interface even though it was graphical you had to pull down one of the menu commands to make something work and apple just allowed you to drag and drop it and Steve was fanatic at driving his Engineers not only to improve how it worked but also the look of it the design very subtle thing look here at the Mac uh system that uh Steve Jobs creates using the ideas from zerox these are rectangles but they're tiny roundings on the edge right here of each of the rectangles it's not a sharp point it's rounded slightly those are called rounded wrecks he called them rounded rectangles and believe it or not they're hard to do on a computer it's easier to have straight lines intersecting but Steve Jobs insisted he made the designers look at signs in the real world and said no we need rounded rectangles that was the type of attention to fanatic detail that he had learned from his father who had made him look at the backside of the fence that they were working on and make sure it was just as beautiful as the front of the fence and at um zero Park you couldn't move a window and let it overlap on another window on the screen just like the one that says Gatsby folder is O is sort of overlaps on the one on the hard disc Eclipse into it Steve Jobs and his friend Bill Atkinson who worked at Apple with him thought that zero had done that they thought they had seen that during the demonstration at zero but it's a very difficult thing to do it's not as if this screen here is actually behind this screen you have to have a program that makes it look like it's behind it as you move this folder and and zerox had not been able to do that but Steve was so Fanatic in wanting it that bill Atkinson ended up coding it so that you could have overlapping window it all ends up in the great mcage that's released in 1984 with a beautiful graphical user interface the one of the great uh computer of all time didn't make a lot of money money because Steve spent a whole lot uh getting it created but it was an easy to use intuitive interface on a computer that you could just take out of a box and plug in all integrated the hardware and the software integrated together there you have something that looks similar what happens there well Microsoft ended up writing software for the Mac and Steve Jobs had gone to Bill Gates and made him promise not to take a version of the zerox park graphical user interface that Apple was using and to steal it for the uh Microsoft system but after a year Microsoft does just that they create Microsoft Windows it's pretty ugly but typical of Microsoft products every new iteration this is version one here's version two gets better and better looking and becomes closer and closer to being the exact same thing that Steve Jobs had created for the Macintosh Steve of of course becomes totally Furious once again as we get to 3.0 it looks just like the Mac operating system and so Steve summons Bill Gates down to paloalto and screams you're ripping us off I trusted you and now you're stealing from us well Bill Gates replies well Steve I think it's more like there's more than one way to look at it I think it's like we both broke in to this Rich neighbor named Xerox and I broke into his house to stole the TV set and found that you had already stolen it we both stole it he said it ends up being a very long lawsuit doesn't get settled until for another 10 years but at least everybody now has an easyto use graphical user interface whether it's for IBM compatible uh computers using Microsoft Windows or for the Apple computer we now have the culmination of the digital Revolution which is powerful very personal computers that are easy to use or plug and play and have easy intuitive uh interfaces that are graphical and you don't even need a manual to learn how to use them thanks