Effects of Migration from 1750 to 1900

Gender Imbalance in Home Societies

• Majority of migrants were men, leading to a gender imbalance.
  • Women had to take on traditionally male roles.
  • Example: In subsistence farming areas, women began breaking ground for planting and tending livestock.
  • Changing family structures:
    • In South Africa, 60% of households were led by women.
    • Women gained financial independence by selling excess food.
  • Notable saying among women gaining independence: "What is man? I have my own money."

Creation of Ethnic Enclaves

• Definition: Geographic areas with high concentration of people from the same ethnicity within a foreign culture.
• Characteristics of ethnic enclaves:
  • Provided familiarity (language, religion, food) for migrants in foreign lands.
  • Examples:
    • Indians in Mauritius and Natal practiced Hinduism and Islam.
    • Irish enclaves in the eastern U.S. fostered the growth of Catholicism.
  • Cultural diffusion: Migrant cultures influenced the host societies.
  • Example: Chinese migrants in Southeast Asia became key players in the colonial economy.

Rise of Nativism

• Definition: Policy of protecting native-born interests against immigrants.
• Impact of nativism:
  • Despite migrants filling low-wage jobs, they faced resistance and prejudice.
  • Ethnic and racial prejudice: Fear of cultural differences.
  • Example: Irish were marginalized in the U.S., considered a lower race.

Government Policies on Immigration

• Chinese Exclusion Act (U.S.):
  • Reaction to anti-Chinese riots in the 1870s and 1880s.
  • Banned almost all Chinese immigration.
• White Australia Policy (British):
  • Aimed to maintain a "white" Australia.
  • Severely restricted Asian immigration.

Study Resources:

• AP World History review guide available for exam preparation.
• Additional topics in unit 6 available for review.