Mini Lecture on Respiration Processes

Introduction

• Focus on understanding external and internal respiration, as well as cellular respiration.
• Goal: Simplify the formulas and processes involved.
• Suggested to follow along by drawing the framework as explained.

Basic Framework

• Alveoli and Bronchioli: Simple depiction to illustrate gas exchange.
• Pulmonary Capillary: Extracellular fluid where gases move.
• Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation: Depicts the journey of gases through blood circulation.

Conditions

• Lungs:
  • Cooler temperature (37°C)
  • More basic pH (7.4)
• Body Tissues:
  • Warmer temperature (38°C)
  • Slightly acidic pH (7.3)

External Respiration

1. Bicarbonate Ion Reaction
   • Bicarbonate ion reacts with hydrogen ion to form carbonic acid.
   • Carbonic acid turns into CO2 and water with the help of Carbonic Anhydrase.
   • CO2 diffuses out of pulmonary capillary into alveoli.
2. Carbamino Hemoglobin
   • Disassociates to form deoxyhemoglobin and CO2.
   • CO2 diffuses out as before.
3. Dissolved CO2
   • Small amounts diffuse out directly.
4. Oxygen Inhalation
   • Oxygen diffuses into capillaries, reacts with reduced hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.
   • Oxygen is transported through systemic circulation.

Internal Respiration

1. Oxyhemoglobin
   • Breaks down to release oxygen into body tissues.
2. Hydrogen and Deoxyhemoglobin Reaction
   • Forms reduced hemoglobin, transported to lungs.
3. Cellular Respiration
   • Reaction: Glucose + O2 → CO2 + Water + 38 ATP
   • ATP: Main energy source for body.
4. CO2 Production
   • CO2 produced in tissues diffuses into capillaries.
   • Transported in three ways: bicarbonate ion, carbamino hemoglobin, dissolved gas.

Cellular Respiration Process

• Glucose and Oxygen: Substrates for cellular respiration.
• Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP: Products of the reaction.
• Importance of ATP: Central reason for respiration.

Transport Mechanisms

1. Bicarbonate Ion
   • Most CO2 transported this way.
   • Forms carbonic acid, disassociates into bicarbonate ion and hydrogen.
2. Carbamino Hemoglobin
   • Binds with CO2, forms HbCO2.
3. Dissolved CO2
   • Trace amounts directly dissolve and transport.

Summary

• External Respiration: Oxygen intake, CO2 expulsion.
• Internal Respiration: Oxygen delivery to tissues, CO2 collection.
• Cellular Respiration: Energy production process from glucose and oxygen.

Key Points

• Conditions such as pH and temperature affect gas exchange.
• Different forms of hemoglobin have varying roles based on oxygen and carbon dioxide availability.

Conclusion

• Understanding these processes is crucial for grasping how our body effectively utilizes and transports gases to sustain life.
• Encouraged to reach out for further clarification if needed.