Lecture Notes on Verbs

Introduction

• Today's topic: Verbs
• Previous topics covered: Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives
• Definition: A verb defines the action or state associated with a subject.

Definition of Verbs

• Verbs are words that tell us:
  • What the subject is doing
  • The state of the subject
• Examples:
  1. Neha plays football.
     • Subject: Neha
     • Verb: plays (action)
  2. Ellen is sleeping on the sofa.
     • Subject: Ellen
     • Verb: is sleeping (state)

Types of Verbs

1. Main Verbs

   • Describe the primary action of the subject.
   • Examples: play, sleep, dance
   • Forms of main verbs:
     • 1st form: dance
     • 2nd form: danced
     • 3rd form: danced
     • 4th form: dancing (ING)

2. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs)

   • Help in forming sentences.
   • Two types:
     • Primary Auxiliary Verbs
       • Forms:
         • To be form: is, am, are, was, were
         • Do form: do, does, did
         • Have form: has, have, had
     • Modal Auxiliaries
       • Examples: can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would

Main Verbs Further Divided

• Transitive Verbs

  • Actions that directly affect an object.
  • Example: She is disturbing my sister.
    • Subject: She
    • Action: disturbing
    • Affects: my sister (object)

• Intransitive Verbs

  • Actions that do not affect an object directly.
  • Example: The wind blows over the mountain.
    • Subject: Wind
    • Action: blows
    • No direct object affected.

Special Category of Verbs (Advanced Verbs)

• Divided into three types:

  1. Infinitives

     • Form: to + verb (1st form)
     • Cannot be used as a main verb directly.
     • Example: I decided to call him.

  2. Gerunds

     • Form: verb + ING
     • Behave like nouns.
     • Example: I like dancing.
     • "Dancing" acts as a noun (the name of the action).

  3. Participles

     • Two types:
       • Present Participle (ING form)
       • Past Participle (ED form)
     • Example:
       • Burning candle (present participle)
       • Injured man (past participle)

Conclusion

• Today's lecture covered the basics and advanced types of verbs.
• Further lectures will elaborate on the usage of these verbs in sentences.
• Importance of understanding these concepts for future learning.