Hello students welcome to JK exams cracker so in previous videos you know that we have covered three topics that is noun pronoun and adjectives so today the topic we are going to start is verb now if I talk about verb students then I have discussed verb with you in every part of speech you I have already given you a basic introduction of the verb in every part of the speech. I told you that the verb is the verb, the words that define the action of a subject. What is the subject doing? In which state, in which position?
What does he always tell? He tells the verbs. So first of all, let's see the definition of the verb.
After that, I will tell you with further examples that who do we basically say the verb to. So let's see the definition. So I said that what? which defines an action or state associated to the subject. Those words which tell the action of a subject and its state.
We call them verbs. I will give you an example, it will be clear to you. Let me write something like this. Neha plays football.
Okay, first sentence. Second sentence I wrote, Ellen is sleeping on the sofa. Ok guys, I have taken two sentences.
First of all, tell me who is our subject in these sentences? Now if I talk about the first sentence, then what is the subject? Neha, I had told you how the basic formation of a sentence is.
Subject, verb, object. subject and object can be any noun or pronoun subject or object and verb is the action of subject subject is doer of an action and its action is verb subject koin hai? Neha and Ellen. First sentence mein baat karey toh Neha ka action kya hai? Plays.
Neha kya kar rahi hai? Khel rahi hai. Toh play kya hua guys? Ye kya hai?
Warp. Kya bata rahi hai? Neha ka action. Right?
Ab yaha pe mai baat karu. Ellen is sleeping on the sofa. Ab yaha pe Ellen kya kar rahi hai? Sleeping. So raha hai.
Ab yaha pe mai bolu ki sleeping hai toh kya Ellen? Sleeping. Sona kya koi kaam hai? Aap log sote hai toh kya wo koi kaam hai?
If we sleep, our mother scolds us a lot that you don't have any work, you are sleeping all the time. That means sleeping action did not happen. So what happened to sleeping?
A state. So in this particular sentence, what is told about a subject of Ellen? State is told.
So those words that are associated with the action or state of a subject, action or state is defined. What do we call them? Verbs.
If I talk about verbs in general language, in the common language, So these are also called action words. So this was the definition. To understand what a verb is.
Now if I talk about the types of verbs. So guys in basic form. The basic types of verbs that we read are total two. You must have read a lot of types of verbs in many books.
In every book, it is defined in different ways. I am going to tell you every type in a simplified way. So let's see.
I told you two types of verbs. First type is. Which we call name. main verb.
Second type is auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verb is also called helping verb in the common language. Why is it called helping verb? Because it helps in a sentence. How do you do it?
I will tell you later. Now if we talk about main verbs, what do they tell? In one sentence, they tell the main action of a subject. That actually a person, a noun, what is he doing in a sentence? Like Neha is doing play here, so what is this?
main verb. What Alan is doing is sleep. Now is is not the main verb.
What is the main verb? Sleep. Okay. So you tell the main action of a person, a noun.
Those are the main verbs. Basically you must be learning forms of verbs since childhood. Like I say dance, dance, dance, play, played, played. You are learning, right?
What do we call them? Main verbs. The three forms of verbs.
Fourth form also we read like we call ING form nowadays. So those are main verbs. Now if I talk about main verbs, then main verbs are further divided into two types.
Which types are there? First one is transitive verb and the second one is intransitive verb. I will tell you what is transitive and intransitive. Now let's talk about auxiliary verbs.
So auxiliary verbs are of two types. First, which we call are primary auxiliary verbs. Second, which we call modal auxiliaries or which we also call modals. Now if I talk about primary auxiliary verbs, then which primary auxiliary verbs exist in three forms.
Which one form is it? It is to do form. What comes in to do form?
Is, am, are, was. word. Okay?
After that, the second form of primary verb is do form. Which is the second? Do form.
Which are the do forms? Do, does, did. These are the primary verbs. After that, the third form of primary verb is have form.
Have form is has, have and had. So basically is, am, are, was, were, do, does, did, has, have, had. These are auxiliary verbs.
Primary auxiliary verbs or they are called primary helping verbs. Amudas. Now let's talk about modals. You use these words in many words in the sentence. Can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would.
You use all these words. What are all these words? We call them modal auxiliaries. We will read deeply and thoroughly about them in further topics.
So these are primary verbs and modal auxiliaries and main verbs. Now we were talking about main verbs, transitive and intransitive verbs. Before that, I will tell you a small point about primary and modal verbs. What I told you about main verbs that define main action. Now we will talk about main verbs.
As I wrote here, he is sleeping. I wrote a sentence like this. What was sleep?
Main verb. To tell its state that it is present. Who tells present state? Present helping verbs is that he is sleeping. What is present?
he told me that he helped me to tell the state of the main verb. So basically primary helping verbs tell the state of the main verb. Although I am talking about modal auxiliaries, so modal auxiliaries tell the behavior of your main verb.
I told you that they help the main verb in telling its behavior. How do they do it? See, let me write a sentence like this. He can do this task.
Okay. Now what can I have used? Modal auxiliary. In the place of moda, I will write.
do he should do this task observe many can use kiya to marry action kabe here we are gatha kiwaya calm curse at the haye yannick a can make a severe with a ability voila give occur satta a many should use to the he should do distance absurd I used instead of can, so what behavior did he tell? Advice Suggestion that he should do this work when you give someone Suggestion, you say you should do this, you should do it Means you are using the shoot, then different models when you use karte hai toh wo different behavior bata jaye kiska main verb ka apke main action word ka. Tk ya toh this is the difference between primary and modal verbs.
Primary verbs and modal verbs. Ab mai aap logon ko bata rahi thi ki main verbs jo hai guys wo two types ki hota hai. Kaun kaun se maine aap logon ko bata hai.
Transitive and intransitive. Transitive and intransitive. So let's first see which are transitive and intransitive verbs.
Transitive, intransitive. Transitive verbs are those verbs or actions that directly affect the subject. The subject did an action and the action of that subject directly affected an object.
Do you understand? Those actions or the verbs in which Subject, whatever verb is doing, whatever action is doing, on whom is it directly affecting, on whom is its effect directly transferring, on the object. Or we can also say that the verbs with which their object is given immediately after them, after the verb is given, we call those verbs transitive. In transitive words, when an action of a subject is not directly affected by the object, we call them intransitive verbs. In common language, transitive verbs are verbs with which object is given.
I had told earlier that subject is doer of an action. Now who defines the action subject? Verb.
The effect of that action on which we call object. When object is given, what are those verbs? Transitive verbs.
When object is not given, when object is not affected, what are those verbs? Intransitive verbs. Let's understand with some sentences.
I will write something like this. She is disturbing. My sister That someone is disturbing my sister. What is she? Subject What is the action of subject?
Disturb Disturb, verb used Now, on whom is it affecting? On my sister because my sister is getting disturbed by her disturbing so at that time the object here what is this my sister is affecting on it so this disturbing verb how it is used as transitive verb because its effect is on an object similarly I will write something like this the wind blows Over the mountain. Now, on a mountain, the wind is blowing. It is moving.
What is the subject? Wind. Noun? What is wind? Its action is blow.
The wind is blowing. Now, on which side is it blowing? Let's say it is blowing on the mountains.
Now, when the wind is blowing on the mountain, then did it have any effect on the mountain? Did the mountain shake? Now, let's say the wind is blowing on your...
If it is on face, then your hair will move. Your hair will start flying and will blow. That means the effect of wind on hair will also start moving. But when wind is blowing on mountain, then any effect on mountain?
Did the action of subject affect on object? No. So at that time, what will we call this verb?
Intransitive verb. difference between transitive and intransitive verb. Now we read some other forms of verbs which we add special category of verbs.
Special category means that these are actually such verbs, these are such forms of verbs which are very confusing. If sentences are given on their basis, then it will create a lot of confusion. We can say confusing verbs and special verbs. or we call them as advanced verbs. So let's see which special category which verbs come in which special category of verbs.
What we call them, I told you, we call them as advanced verbs also. Till now what we have read, we have read basic types. We call them as advanced verbs also. Now if I talk about advanced verbs or special categories, then they are divided into three types. Who is advanced?
What is the first type? The first type is called Infinitives You must have heard this word many times You must have read the grammar and heard it But where do we use it? What is its meaning? Many students don't know So now we will see how we use it The second type is Gerund The second type is gerund And the third type is Participants Okay guys, these are three types which are your special types, come in special category. Now if I talk about infinitive or any of these three types, then they can never be used as main verb in a sentence.
Your main action to tell is which are the verbs in the sentence? Primary verbs or auxiliary verbs or the main verbs is, am, are, was, were also act as main verbs in the sentence. So, the verbs that we have read till now our major types, basic types, those main verbs act like a verb. Your main action can be shown in a sentence.
But if I talk about them, then they will never be used as a main verb. But they are used after some particular verbs. When it is used, I will definitely explain you in their usage.
Now we understand what is infinitive, gerund and participle. If I talk about infinitives, then when we write the first form of two plus verb. Generally, it is said that after two, The first form of the main verb is used because we call it as infinitive and infinitive can never be used as a main verb but it is used after the main verb.
Keep this in mind. So, the first form of the 2 plus verb is called as infinitive. Many times what happens is that infinitive.
The infinitive verb is the first form which we use alone. With them, we don't use to. So, when to is not used, then it is called plain infinitive. What is it called?
Plain infinitive. Plain infinitive, when the first form of 2 plus verb, i.e. infinitive, is not used, only the first form of the verb is used with some other verb, with the main verb, at that time it is called plain infinitive. And when we use the first form of 2 plus verb after any verb, at that time what do we call it?
At that time we call them bare infinitives. What do we call it guys? Bare infinitives.
Let's see an example. I will write something like this. I decided for Calling him.
I took the decision to call him. Okay. I took the decision to call him. Now here I will say that what is the verb?
Decided. And I saw for calling him. Do you feel anything strange when you read this sentence?
Why? Because the decide verb is with it. After that if we use any verb.
Then which verb is used? Infinitive. So what will be the correct sentence? I decided to call him. Okay.
I will tell you which verbs we use infinitives with. For now, you understand the basics. So this is infinitives.
After that is gerund, second type. Now gerund is confusing for many students. Why? Because see, we use the first form of the verb, second form, third form as the main verb.
But here too we are using the first form, we will use the img form and third form, but they are not being used as the main verb. So you have to understand carefully their usage sentence. Now if I talk about gerund, gerund is basically when we put ING with the first form of the verb. Generally, what do we call the first form of the verb? Like with play, I put playing.
With dance, I put ING, so it becomes dancing. Something like this. But now this fourth form of the verb or the ING form of the verb does not act like a verb as gerund.
It does not act like a verb. gerunds are such verbs which don't tell action what do they tell? action ka naam gerunds tell action ka naam keep this in mind now naam grammatically we use naam Now, let's talk about Nouns.
In Grammar, we remember Noun as Noun. Right? It means that these are the verbs that behave like Nouns.
The verbs that behave like Nouns in a sentence. Noun means the name of an action. We call them gerunds. Now, I say that I like to dance. I say that I like to dance.
So, what will I say? I like dancing. I will write something like this.
I like dancing. Dancing. Now, what happened to I? Subject.
What happened to its action? That something is liked. Like.
What is liked? Dancing is liked. Dancing, we say, the name of dancing. Now, if you see, there is a verb on dance. dance, danced, danced we say but with the first form I have put ING here but this action is not telling, what is it telling, it is telling the name of that action, dancing, whose name is it, the name of dancing, you say I am driving I like driving a lot.
This is what many students say. Now what is driving? Driving is not action. We call the name of driving. We put ING with verb.
So when verbs behave like nouns, students, at that time what do we call them? We call them gerunds. So I hope you have clear gerunds. What are gerunds?
I will give you an example. Okay. Look carefully.
What did I write now? I like dancing. I wrote this sentence.
I wrote this in the second sentence. I am dancing. Tell me quickly, I have used dancing here and here too, but there is a difference in these two words. There is a complete difference.
I am dancing I am dancing What action am I doing? My action is dance So here this dancing is used like a verb Which verb? Like a main verb Which is read in the first, second, third, fourth form of verbs I like dancing What is the action of the I?
PASAND HONA What action is he doing? Dancing How does he behave? Like a noun Because the name of the dance is dancing So we call it gerund When a verb How to behave?
Like a noun, the name of the verb is given to the verb, we call it gerund. Now the third type is not to be confused that how we will use it in further videos. I will tell you the usage that how we use gerunds with verbs, where we use participles or where we use infinitives.
For now, you just understand their meaning well so that when I tell you their usage, then you will be clear that we have used them. Why are you doing it? Where are you doing it?
And how are you doing it? Okay? What is the third type? I told you, participles. Now, participles are divided into two types further.
When the ING form of a verb behaves like a noun, we call it gerund. Right? Now, here is the third form of the verb and again the fourth form of the verb.
What is the third form of the verb? Generally, at the end of which we put the ED. Play, played, played.
Played is the third form. Right? Dance, Danced is the third form. Generally, at the end of which we use the word ed.
I just told you the fourth form of the verb. When we put the ING after the verb. Playing, dancing, helping, teaching.
What is all this? Fourth form of the verb. Now the fourth form of the verb is gerund. It is also the main verb and it is also participle.
So what is the difference? You can understand the difference between gerund and main verb. That it is a noun and it is an action. Here again we have So, participle is a form of verb. noun and pronoun, at that time how does it behave?
Like participles. If third form is used to tell the specialty of noun, then what do we call it? Past participle. Because past form is being used, so what do we call it? Past If the fourth form of the verb is being used to describe the speciality of any noun, then it is called present participle.
I'll give you some examples to make it clear how to use third form or fourth form as adjectives. I'll write something like this. Burning candle. Okay guys. I wrote burning candle.
What is candle? First of all, tell me this. Noun.
Name of something. Now, how is that candle? How is that candle? Burning.
Jalti hui mom batti. Jalti hui candle. Candle hai?
Kaise hai? burning now here this burning word what is it giving information about? candle is noun and I told you words which give extra information about noun which are they? objectives right now burning is seen burn first form burnt second form burnt third form and burning is the fourth form these are used like main verb these are the forms of verb but here we are using it as a noun adjective uss wakt hum isse kya kahenge participles aur ing form hai toh konsa participle hoga present participle ek aur example lete hain chalye main bolu injured man chike main bola injured man ab man kya hai Now, I told you, you know. Now, how is man here?
He is injured. Which word told that he is injured? This word told.
Now, if you see injured, then it is a verb. Like we see degrees of injured. Injured.
injured third form and ING is used to make it fourth form this is also a verb but what is it doing here? it is giving you information about this noun what is injured? third form when third form is used, then which participle is made?
past participle. So this was the usage of participle. What is past participle, present participle, gerund, infinitive.
Along with that you have understood the basic verbs. So in today's lecture In this we have read the basics and advanced verbs. This is totally the basics of the verb that we have studied.
Further we will read their usage that how do we use these verbs in sentences? With what kind of verbs and what kind of sentences are infinitives, gerunds, participle used? Till then you clear your basics so that whatever you are taught in the coming videos, you can clearly understand it.