Developing Assessment Tools

Steps in Developing Assessment Tools

1. Examine Instructional Objectives

   • Match test items with instructional objectives.
   • Ensure that test items reflect the learning outcomes.

2. Make a Table of Specifications (ToS)

   • A ToS details content and cognitive levels of a test.
   • Important for addressing validity and reliability.
   • Steps for creating a ToS:
     • Select Learning Outcomes: Identify necessary instructional objectives.
     • Outline Subject Matter: Determine the scope and length of the test.
     • Decide on Number of Items per Subtopic:

       • Formula:

         Number of items = (Number of class sessions) x (Desired total number of items) / (Total number of class sessions)

   • Make a two-way chart to display topics and cognitive levels.

3. Construct the Test Items

   • Follow general principles:
     • Ensure items correspond with learning outcomes.
     • Use multiple formats for ToS.
   • Example:
     • Specific objectives, cognitive level, type of test, ID number, total points.
   • Guidelines for constructing items:
     • Start writing items in advance for revisions.
     • Focus on essential content, avoiding trivia.
     • Ensure clarity and independence of items.
     • Include only one correct answer.
     • Avoid trick questions and direct textbook quotes.
     • Aim for higher-order thinking skills.

4. Determine Number of Test Items

   • Average time for different item types:
     • True/False: 30 seconds
     • Multiple Choice: 60 seconds
     • Short Answer: 1-2 minutes
     • Matching: 30 seconds per response
     • Essay: 10-15 minutes

5. Checklist for Constructing Test Items

   • Confirm item appropriateness to measure objectives.
   • Ensure clarity and effective format.
   • Group similar item types.
   • Allow sufficient time for students to complete the test.
   • Clear scoring guidelines.

6. Assemble the Test Items

   • Steps in assembling:
     • Group items by format.
     • Arrange items from easy to difficult.
     • Ensure readability and proper spacing.
     • Include illustrations where necessary.

7. Check Assembled Test Items

   • Proofread for typographical and grammatical errors.
   • Make necessary corrections.

8. Make the Answer Keys

   • Ensure answers follow a random sequence.
   • Avoid predictable patterns in answer sequences.

9. Analyze and Improve the Test Items

   • Conduct analysis after scoring and recording to identify improvement areas.

Conclusion

• All steps are crucial for developing effective assessment tools that measure instructional objectives efficiently.
• Thank you for listening!