Nursing Lecture on Cardiovascular Medications and Conditions

Key Points

Hypertension and Hydrochlorothiazide

• Side Effect to Monitor: Hypokalemia
• Rationale: Thiazide diuretics can lead to potassium excretion

Post-Pacemaker Insertion Care

• Most Appropriate Nursing Intervention: Check the insertion site for swelling, redness, and discharge
• Rationale: Critical to monitor for infection or complications

Diet for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

• Indicative Statement of Diet Understanding: Avoid adding salt to meals
• Rationale: Low sodium diet helps prevent fluid retention

Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis

• Consistent Lab Value: Elevated troponin level
• Rationale: Troponin is a specific marker for myocardial injury

Warfarin Therapy

• Food to Consume in Moderation: Spinach
• Rationale: High in Vitamin K, counteractive to warfarin

Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis

• Most Indicative Symptom: Chest pain
• Rationale: Reduced blood flow from the left ventricle can cause angina

Nitroglycerin Tablet Administration

• Correct Administration: Place under the tongue and let it dissolve
• Rationale: Sublingual administration allows rapid absorption

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

• Consistent Assessment Finding: Intermittent claudication
• Rationale: Pain with walking relieved by rest due to reduced blood flow

Cardiac Catheterization Preparation

• Statement Warranting Further Investigation: Had a light breakfast
• Rationale: Clients should fast for several hours prior

Enoxaparin Side Effects

• Side Effect to Monitor: Hematuria
• Rationale: Indicates excessive anticoagulation or bleeding complications

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Risk Factors

• Modifiable Risk Factor: Smoking
• Rationale: Quitting smoking reduces CAD risk

Atrial Fibrillation Medication

• Medication to Reduce Stroke Risk: Warfarin
• Rationale: Prevents clot formation in the atria

Initial Medication for Suspected Myocardial Infarction

• First Medication: Aspirin
• Rationale: Prevents further clot formation

Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)

• Consistent Condition: Right-sided heart failure
• Rationale: Increased central venous pressure

Lung Sounds in Heart Failure

• Expected Sound: Crackles
• Rationale: Fluid in alveoli due to pulmonary edema

Digoxin Toxicity

• Sign to Monitor: Yellow-tinted vision
• Rationale: Specific symptom of digoxin toxicity

Inverted T-Wave on ECG

• Consistent Condition: Myocardial ischemia
• Rationale: Indicates myocardial ischemia

Venous Insufficiency Care

• Most Appropriate Intervention: Elevating the legs above heart level
• Rationale: Reduces swelling and improves venous return

Chest Pain Management

• First Action: Obtain an ECG
• Rationale: Confirm diagnosis and severity of myocardial infarction

Ejection Fraction Test

• Best Diagnostic Test: Echocardiogram
• Rationale: Accurately measures heart's ejection fraction

Monitoring Postural Hypotension

• Correct Method: Measure BP after lying down, then immediately after standing
• Rationale: Identifies drop in BP upon standing

Beta Blocker Response

• Therapeutic Response: Reduced chest pain
• Rationale: Decreases heart rate and BP

Digoxin Toxicity Antidote

• Anticipated Medication: Digibind
• Rationale: Specific antidote for digoxin toxicity

ACE Inhibitor Side Effect

• To Report Immediately: Dry cough
• Rationale: Common side effect, may need medication change

Stroke Warning Signs

• Symptom to Include: Sudden confusion
• Rationale: Indicative of stroke onset