Verbal Sentences in Arabic (الجملة الفعلية)

Introduction to الجملة الفعلية

• الجملة الفعلية refers to verbal sentences in Arabic.
• The term فعلية is a 'nisba' adjective, derived from فعل (verb).

Examples of Verbal Sentences

1. لا أعرف كل الطلاب في الصف.
   • Translation: "I don't know all of the students in the class."
2. يكتبون الرسائل إلى أفراد العائلة.
   • Translation: "They write letters to the members of the family."
3. يعمل الأستاذ في جامعة "سميث".
   • Translation: "The professor works at Smith College."
4. تشاهد زوجتي التلفزيون في المساء.
   • Translation: "My wife watches television in the evening."

Subject (فاعل) in Verbal Sentences

• الفاعل, or "doer," can be implicit within the verb.
• Examples:
  • أعرف refers to أنا (I).
  • يكتبون refers to هم (they).
• The فاعل can also follow the فعل, which is common in Arabic but not in English.
• In formal, written Arabic, placing the فاعل after the فعل is considered elegant.

Flexibility and Context

• Explicit mention of الفاعل is not always necessary.
  • Example: لا أعرف indicates "I" without needing أنا.
• Changing the sentence structure affects the type of sentence:
  • Starting with أنا changes the sentence from a جملة فعلية to another structure.

Analysis of Sentences

• Example: تشاهد زوجتي التلفزيون في المساء
  • تشاهد is the verb (فعل).
  • زوجتي is the فاعل (doer).
• Transforming into a جملة اسمية:
  • زوجتي becomes the مبتدأ (subject).
  • تشاهد التلفزيون becomes the خبر (predicate).
• Many sentences can be analyzed as either a جملة اسمية or جملة فعلية, but the analysis context will differ.