Lecture on Parts of Speech: Focus on Verbs

Introduction

• Eight parts of speech: Verb is one of them.
• Verbs have various forms and tenses.

Verb "To Be"

Present Forms

• Forms: “is”, “am”, “are”
• Usage:
  • Identifying: He is my friend.
  • Condition: He is sick.

Definition

• Meaning: Indicates existence (e.g., “occurs”).
• Answers "what is?" and "who is?"
• Example Usage: He is smart, he is clever.
• Time-Specific: Represents state/condition of one time period.

Past Forms

• Forms: “was”, “were”
• Usage:
  • Descriptions in the past: He was a teacher, we were very happy.

Future Forms

• Forms: “will be”, “shall be”
• Usage: To be discussed during tenses section.

Detailed Examples

• Present Tense: “is”, “am”, “are”
  • I am a teacher.
  • You are a student.
  • We are Pakistani.
  • Emotional Conditions: I am happy, I am sad, I am sorry.

Usage Rules

• “Am”: Used with “I”
• “Is”: Used with singular subjects (persons, things, places)
  • Examples: Lahore is a big city, He is a lawyer, She is a doctor.
• “Are”: Used with plural subjects
  • Examples: Lahore and Karachi are big cities, You are learning freelancing.

Forming Negatives

• Structure: Add “not” after “is”, “am”, “are”.
  • Examples: He is not a doctor, We are not Pakistani, I am not a pilot.

Additional Notes

• Sources: The phrase "you are learning from a good source" indicates the importance of identifying the source of learning.
• Summary: “Is”, “am”, and “are” indicate who someone is or what something is, and can also form negatives by adding "not". This can help identify who/what someone/something is not.