Overview
This lecture covers the history, development, decline, and cultural contributions of the Samudera Pasai Kingdom, one of Indonesia's earliest Islamic states.
Origins and Location
- Samudera Pasai Kingdom was established in the 13th century and lasted until the 16th century.
- Located in present-day Samudera sub-district, North Aceh, Sumatra, near the Strait of Malacca.
- Founded from the merger of the Samudera and Pasai kingdoms.
- Officially founded in 1267 AD.
Political and Religious Developments
- The fall of the Srivijaya Kingdom enabled Samudera Pasai's rise.
- Sultan Malik as-Saleh (Meurah Silu) was the first king and promoted Islam.
- Successive rulers included Sultan Malik az-Zahir, Sultan Mahmud Malik Az-Zahir, and Sultanah Nahrasiyah.
- The kingdom became a major center for Islamic education and propagation.
Economy and Diplomacy
- Samudera Pasai became a commercial hub due to its strategic location.
- Main exports included pepper, camphor, and silk.
- Issued gold coins called "dirham" for currency.
- Established diplomatic relations with India, China, and other Islamic kingdoms.
- Influential merchants and travelers, such as Marco Polo and Ibnu Battuta, visited the kingdom.
Decline and Legacy
- The kingdom declined due to internal conflicts, competition from the Malacca Sultanate, and attacks by the Portuguese.
- Eventually, the Aceh Sultanate took over its territory.
- Historical relics include sultans' tombs, gold and silver coins, Chinese ceramics, and the Cakra Donya bell.
Cultural Influence
- Samudera Pasai played a key role in spreading Islam and Malay culture.
- Produced notable scholars like Hamzah Fansuri, Syamsuddin al-Sumatrani, and Nuruddin al-Raniri.
- Pasai Malay became a foundational literary and trade language in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Samudera Pasai — Early Islamic kingdom in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
- Dirham — Gold currency issued by Samudera Pasai.
- Pasai Malay — Early Malay language used in trade and literature.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Answer the three practice questions about the development of education, founder's objectives, and travel records.
- Review practice questions and discussion on the arrival of Islam in Indonesia on kejarcita.id.