History of the Samudera Pasai Kingdom The Samudera Pasai Kingdom was one of the earliest Islamic kingdoms established in Indonesia. This kingdom ruled for approximately 3 centuries, from the 13th to the 16th century AD. Samudera Pasai is located in Sumatra, precisely in the Samudera sub-district, North Aceh Regency. Due to its strategic location on the edge of the Strait of Malacca, this kingdom was often visited by ships from outside kingdoms. Over time, Samudera Pasai developed into a business center and an important center for the development of the Islamic religion in its time. Merchants from India, China, Siam, Arabia, and Persia visited Samudera Pasai to buy pepper, camphor, and other goods. This kingdom is also recorded as having established diplomatic relations with India and China. The existence of Samudera Pasai was recorded through records of visits by travelers, such as Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo, as well as remains from the tombs of kings. The fall of the Sriwijaya Kingdom paved the way for the development of the Samudera Pasai Kingdom. The Samudera Pasai Kingdom was founded from the merger of two kingdoms, namely the Samudera Kingdom and the Pasai Kingdom. According to the Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai, the Samudera Kingdom was ruled by Meurah Silu who had the title Sultan Malik as-Saleh, while the Pasai Kingdom was founded by Nazimuddin Al Kamil, an envoy from Egypt. Officially, the Samudera Pasai Kingdom was founded in 1267 AD. During the reign of Sultan Malik as-Saleh, as the first king, the Samudera Pasai Kingdom developed into a center for education and the spread of Islam. During this time, an explorer from Venice, Italy, named Marco Polo came with a group of Chinese queens. After the death of Sultan Malik as-Saleh, power was continued by Sultan Muhammad who was given the title Sultan Malik az-Zahir. Sultan Muhammad's successor was Sultan Ahmad whose title was Sultan Mahmud Malik Az-Zahir. Under his rule, Samudera Pasai developed rapidly and reached the peak of glory. Samudera Pasai established relations with Islamic kingdoms in India and Arabia. In economic terms, Samudera Pasai succeeded in taking over the influence of the Srivijaya Kingdom in the Strait of Malacca as a center of international trade. The commodities exported at that time were pepper, camphor, and silk. This kingdom also issued a gold currency called "dirham" as a means of payment. At this time, around 1345 AD, Samudera Pasai was visited by Ibnu Battuta, a Muslim explorer from Morocco. In his notes, the ruler of Samudera Pasai at that time was described as a king who was knowledgeable in religious knowledge and generous. After the death of Sultan Mahmud Malik Az-Zahir, the government was continued by Sultan Zain Al-Abidin Malik Az-Zahir or Zainal Abidin. At that time, Admiral Cheng Ho from China landed in Samudera Pasai. He advocated that the kingdom recognize the protection of the Chinese emperor. After the death of Sultan Zainal Abidin, the Samudera Pasai Kingdom was once ruled by a woman with the title of Sultanah, namely Sultanah Nahrasiyah. He succeeded in restoring the glory of Samudera Pasai as the largest center for Islamic propagation, after the kingdom had experienced decline due to attacks from Majapahit. Under his leadership, Samudera Pasai's economy was very influential in the Southeast Asian region. After the sultan's death, there are not many records regarding the description of the sultan's subsequent reign. Ultimately, Samudera Pasai began to decline and collapse due to several factors. These included family conflicts, the emergence of the Malacca Sultanate which took over trade dominance, and attacks from the Portuguese. The territory of Samudera Pasai was then taken over by the Aceh Sultanate. The Samudera Pasai Kingdom has historical relics, namely the tombs of the Pasai sultans with Islamic styles typical of Gujarat, gold and silver coins, Chinese ceramic fragments, and the Cakra Donya bell, a gift from the Chinese empire. Apart from its physical remains, the Samudera Pasai Kingdom also had a major influence on the development of Islam and Malay culture in the archipelago. Many great scholars came from or studied in Pasai, such as Hamzah Fansuri, Syamsuddin al-Sumatrani, and Nuruddin al-Raniri. Apart from that, Pasai Malay is also one of the oldest literary languages in the archipelago. This language then developed into a language used by traders in the area that is now Indonesia and Malaysia. Wow, the history is really interesting, cool friends. Now let's try to answer the following questions! During his visit to Samudera Pasai, Ibnu Battuta drew conclusions regarding the development of education in the kingdom, namely... Nazimuddin Al-Kamil founded an Islamic kingdom called the Pasai Kingdom. The main objective of establishing the kingdom was.... The condition of the Samudera Pasai community can be known through travel notes from.... Okay, if you pay close attention, you will definitely be able to answer the three questions. Write your answer in the comments column, OK! For those who want to know the answers and complete discussion, you can check the practice questions on the history of the topic of the Arrival of Islam in Indonesia, of course, on kejarcita.id. Come on, download the kejarcita application on the Playstore now! chase your dreams: pursue knowledge, achieve your dreams