Catatan Kuliah Fisika Kelas 12: Rangkaian Listrik

Pendahuluan

• Assalamualaikum Wr Wb
• Materi: Rangkaian listrik
• Tipe Rangkaian:
  • Rangkaian Resistor Seri
  • Rangkaian Resistor Paralel

Rangkaian Resistor Seri

Pengertian

• Hambatan-hambatan disusun secara berdekatan.

Menghitung Hambatan Total

• [ R_{total} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + ... + R_n ]
• Contoh:
  • R1 = 1 ohm
  • R2 = 2 ohm
  • R3 = 3 ohm
  • Hasil: R total = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 ohm

Kuat Arus

• Kuat arus total (I total) pada rangkaian seri sama di setiap hambatan:
  • [ I_{total} = I_1 = I_2 = I_3 ]

Tegangan

• Tegangan total berbeda untuk masing-masing hambatan:
  • [ V_{total} = V_1 + V_2 + V_3 ]

Hukum Ohm

• [ I = \frac{V}{R} ]
• Untuk mencari tegangan: [ V = I \times R ]

Rangkaian Resistor Paralel

Pengertian

• Hambatan-hambatan disusun secara bertingkat.

Menghitung Hambatan Total

• [ \frac{1}{R_{total}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + ... ]

Kuat Arus

• Kuat arus total pada rangkaian paralel berbeda di setiap hambatan:
  • [ I_{total} = I_1 + I_2 + I_3 ]

Tegangan

• Tegangan total sama untuk semua hambatan:
  • [ V_{total} = V_1 = V_2 = V_3 ]

Contoh Soal Rangkaian Seri

• Diketahui:
  • R1 = 1 ohm, R2 = 2 ohm, R3 = 3 ohm, V = 10V
• Hitung R total:
  • R total = R1 + R2 + R3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 ohm
• Hitung I total:
  • [ I_{total} = \frac{V}{R_{total}} = \frac{10}{6} = \frac{5}{3} \text{ A} ]
• Hitung V1, V2, V3:
  • V1 = I1 * R1 = ( \frac{5}{3} * 1 = \frac{5}{3} ) V
  • V2 = I2 * R2 = ( \frac{5}{3} * 2 = \frac{10}{3} ) V
  • V3 = I3 * R3 = 5 V

Contoh Soal Rangkaian Paralel

• Diketahui:
  • R1 = 2 ohm, R2 = 3 ohm, R3 = 6 ohm, V = 10V
• Hitung R total:
  • [ \frac{1}{R_{total}} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} ]
  • R total = 1 ohm
• Hitung I total:
  • I total = 10 A
• Hitung I1, I2, I3:
  • I1 = ( \frac{3}{6} * 10 = 5 \text{ A} )
  • I2 = ( \frac{2}{6} * 10 = \frac{10}{3} \text{ A} )
  • I3 = ( \frac{1}{6} * 10 = \frac{5}{3} \text{ A} )

Contoh Soal Rangkaian Campuran

• Diketahui:
  • R1 = 4 ohm, R2 = 3 ohm, R3 = 6 ohm, V total = 24V
• Hitung R total:
  • R total = 6 ohm
• Hitung I total:
  • I total = 4 A
• Hitung I2 dan I3:
  • I2 = ( \frac{2}{3} * 4 = \frac{8}{3} \text{ A} )
  • I3 = ( \frac{1}{3} * 4 = \frac{4}{3} \text{ A} )
• Hitung Tegangan:
  • V1 = 16V
  • V2 = 8V
  • V3 = 8V

Penutup

• Semoga bermanfaat
• Assalamualaikum Wr Wb